08翻译下1.docVIP

08翻译(下)第一讲 翻译文化篇 In this part we are going to discuss ：1. Cultural differences and modes of expression Teaching procedure: 1. Introduction “Translating cultures” and “cultural proficiency ,” have become buzz words in translating and interpreting. The word “culture” and “translation” are being increasing linked. Questions regarding whether or not translations can account for culture or to what extent either everything can be translated without loss or that nothing can be translated without loss(Translating cultures Katan, 2004:7). As we know, translation is not only a transfer of linguistic signs, but also a cross-culture communication. The strategies employed in translating these culture-loaded expressions are foreignizing translation, domesticating translation, semantic translation and their mixture. 2. Major differences between Chinese and English 2.1 Differences of thinking pattern （思维方式差异） Whorf proposed first that all higher levels of thinking are dependent on language. Or put it more bluntly, language determines thought, hence the strong notion of linguistic determinism. Because languages differ in many ways, Whorf also believed that speakers of different languages perceive and experience the world differently, that is, relative to their linguistic background, hence the notion of linguistic relativism.? ?沃尔夫首先提出，所有高层次的思维都倚赖于语言。说得更明白一些，就是语言决定思维，这就是语言决定论这一强假设。由于语言在很多方面都有不同，沃尔夫还认为，使用不同语言的人对世界的感受和体验也不同，也就是说与他们的语言背景有关，这就是语言相对论。 Example: China is now accelerating the transformation of its economic development pattern and economic restructuring. It is moving at a faster pace towards an innovation –driven country and resource conserving and environment friendly society 中国正在加快转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构，加快建设创新型国家， 加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会。 In English we use two different verbs “accelerate, move at a faster pace” to show the same meaning, but in Chinese we just repeat the same verb “加快”and the verb “加快”is followed by different objects. Rigid vs. Supple (刚性与柔性) English s