Noise Considerations.pptVIP

Cascade of two stages Noting that i.e. Noise measure Definition When two similar amplifiers need to be connected to produce the lowest possible noise figure, It can be considered below: If amplifier #1 has noise measure M1, and amplifier #2 has noise measure M2 , then ? Case 1: If M1M2, then AMP1 should precede AMP2 because F12F21? ? Case 2: If M1M2, then AMP2 should precede AMP1 because F21F12? Noise Figure of Cascade of N Stages 4.4 Noise Measurement Application ——Y-factor Method 4.5 Constant Noise Figure Circles Definition of Noise parameter (N) For a two port amplifier, the noise figure is given by Where The equivalent normalized noise resistor of the two port network The normalized source admittance corresponding to Гs The normalized source admittance for minimum noise 4.5 Constant Noise Figure Circles The relation between Ys and Гs or Yopt and Гopt is thus 4.5 Constant Noise Figure Circles Or Where called ?Noise figure parameter Parameters rn, ,Гopt and Fmin are called the noise? parameters of the transistor and usually provided in the data sheets by the manufacturer. 4.5 Noise Figure Circles Because N is a positive real number, than all noise figure circles have centers located along Γopt vector in the Γs plane. 4.5 Constant Noise Figure Circles Note 1: From the definition, we can know that N is positive real number. Note 2: Noise parameter can be measured by a vector network analyzer. 4.5 Constant Noise Figure Circles The steps for measuring Noise parameters A Vary ГS until a minimum noise figure occurs. This is recorded as Fmin.? B Using a vector network analyzer, measure ГS , which provides the value for Гopt . 4.5 Constant Noise Figure Circles C By setting ГS to zero and then measure the noise figure F0 at this point. By using Equation 14.64 and the value of Гopt from the second step, rn can be obtained where 4.5 Constant Noise Figure Circles By using Eq 14.65 and through rearranging terms a