02Chapter 2_sound.pptVIP

What did we deal with last time? Design Features of Language Origin of language The “bow-wow” theory –the sound of the animal calls The “pooh-pooh” theory—instinctive sounds of pain, anger and joy The “yo-he-ho” theory--- rhythmic working grunts Functions of language Halliday proposes a theory of metafunctions of language（元语言功能）, that is, language has ideational, interpersonal and textual functions. Informative function Interpersonal function Performative function Emotive function Metalingual function Main branches of linguistics Phonetics语音学 Phonology音系学 Morphology形态学 Syntax句法 Semantics语义学 Pragmatics语用论 Important distinctions in linguistics Descriptive vs. prescriptive描写与规定 Synchronic vs. diachronic Langue parole Competence and performance语言能力和语言应用 Test Multiple Choice 1 The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degree centigrade.” is ______. A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative 2 Which branches of linguistics studies the similarities and differences among languages A. Diachronic linguistics B. Synchronic linguistics C. Prescriptive linguistics D. Comparative linguistics 3 ______ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances. A. Performance B. Competence C. Langue D. Parole 4 _____ deals with language application to other fields, particularly in education. A. Linguistic geography B. Sociolinguistics C. Applied linguistics D. Comparative linguistics 2. Blank-filling 1 In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limit rules. This features is usually termed creativity. 2 Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the yo-he-ho theory. 3. Saussure put forward two important concepts. Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community. 3. Terms 1. design