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三十四. How to Make People Smaller Than They Are? 怎样使人变得渺小l. Three months ago in this space we wrote about the costly retreat from the humanities on all the levels of American education. Since that time, we have had occasion to visit a number of campuses and have been troubled to find that the general situation is even more serious than we had thought. It has become apparent to us that one of the biggest problems confronting American education today is the increasing vocationalization of our colleges and universities. Throughout the country schools are under pressure to become job-training centers and employment agencies. 1．三个月之前，笔者在此专栏曾经撰文论及由美国教育各级学校减少人文学科所带来的严重后果。自那以后，笔者有机会走访了许多所大学，不无忧虑地发现，总的情况比原来想象的还要严重。在笔者看来，事情已经很明显：?今日美国教育所面临的最大问题之一是大专院校越来越职业化。在整个美国，学校被迫变成了职业培训中心和职业介绍所。2. The pressure comes mainly from two sources. One is the growing determination of many citizens to reduce taxes--understandable and even commendable in itself, but absurdityand irresponsible when connected to the reduction or dismantling of vital public services. The second source of pressure comes from parents and students who tend to scorn courses of study that do not teach people how to become attractive to employers in a rapidly tightening job market. 2．压力主要来自两个方面。一是许多公民要求减税的决心日益坚定棗这件事本身是可以理解的，甚至是值得称赞的，然而若把减税与减少或废除一些极为重要的公用事业联系起来，那便是既荒谬又不负责任了。第二方面的压力来自家长和学生，他们往往轻视那些不能教给学生如何在迅速紧缩的职业市场上博得雇主青睐的课程。3. It is absurd to believe that the development of skills does not also require the systematic development of the human mind. Education is being measured more by the size of the benefits the individual can extract from society than by the extent to which the individual can come into possession of his or her full powers. The result is that the life-giving juices are in danger of being drained out of education. 3．相信培养专门技能并不需要系统地开发人的智力是荒谬的。人们衡量教育质量是看其培养出来的人能从社会上获得多少好处，而不是看这个人在德智体诸方面全面发展的程度。结果是，维持生命的乳汁有被从教育中抽干的危险。4. Emphasis on practicalities is being characterized by the subordination of words to numbers. Hi