水库淤积形成及其影响和应对措施.docVIP

水库淤积形成及其影响和应对措施 Reservoir formation and its influence and Countermeasures 在天然河流上建筑水库后，将会给该区域一系列的影响。库区水位的举高，使过水断面扩展，水力坡降变缓，水流速度减小。这些将致使水流挟沙才能的降低，然后改动原河道的泥沙运动规则，致使很多泥沙在库区逐步沉积淤积。也就是说，建筑水库成为河流泥沙淤积的主要原因。　　 In the natural river after building reservoir, will give the area a series of. Reservoir water level up, make the cross section, hydraulic gradient is slow, flow velocity decreases. These will lead to reduced flow, sediment movement rules and then change the original river, causing a lot of sediment deposition in the reservoir sedimentation gradually. That is to say, building reservoir become the main cause of river sediment. 在我国华北的黄河和海河水系，水流含沙量很大，库区的淤积也就相对较高。例如黄河三门峡水库，多年均匀含沙量达37.8 kg\/m?，在1960-1970年，水库总淤积泥沙达55.5亿t，使库区的库容丢失高达43%。　　 In North China s the Yellow River and Haihe River, sediment concentration, reservoir sedimentation is relatively high. For example, the Yellow River Sanmenxia reservoir, years of uniform sediment concentration up to 37.8 kg\/m?, in 1960-1970, total reservoir silting mud Sardar 5550000000 T, the reservoir capacity loss of up to 43%. 水库泥沙淤积的对水库运用和上下流河流发生的不良影响是多方面的。淤积使水库的调理库容削减，降低水库的调理才能以及综合利用效益。坝前淤积，很多泥沙随水流进入库区，就会加大对过水建筑物和水轮机的磨损，降低设备安全和建筑物的使用寿命。并且，当河流的淤积向水库推动时，也会向上游延伸，即所谓的“骄傲自满”表象。这会添加库区的吞没面积，不只带来很多丢失，甚至有能够形成社会动摇。此外，水库向下流泄放清水，使得下流的水流挟沙力增大，然后致使下流河段的冲刷，导致水位降低，河道变形。　　 The reservoir sedimentation of the reservoir and downstream river adverse influence in many aspects. The reservoir sedimentation conditioning capacity cuts, reduce reservoir conditioning ability and comprehensive utilization benefit. Sedimentation in front of the dam, a lot of silt into the reservoir with the water, will increase the wear of water turbine building and the service life of equipment, reduce the security and the building. And, when the reservoir sedimentation River to promote, will be extended to the upstream, the so-called be big with pride representation. This will add the reservoir area not only engulfed, bring a lot of loss, even to form social sta