动词的语气(陈述语气与虚拟语气、祈使语气).docVIP

动词的语气 -------陈述语气、祈使语气与虚拟语气 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对说话内容的看法和态度。 语气的种类 陈述语气：表示说话人认为他说的话是事实 They went to visit the Great Wall Yesterday. He likes chemistry. What a clever boy he is! 祈使语气：表示说话人提出请求、命令、劝告、警告、号召等 Don’t leave today’s work for tomorrow. Be more careful next time. Work hard and you will succeed. Be quick or you’ll be late. 3、虚拟语气：表示说话人认为他所说的话是和事实相反的主观设想或主观愿望。 If I were you, I would study hard. I wish she had taken my advice. 试比较： I hope he comes to Beijing. (陈述语气) 我希望他能来北京。（很可能来） I wish he came to Beijing. (虚拟语气) 我真希望他能来北京。（不可能来，只是表示愿望） I suggest he come to Beijing. (虚拟语气) 我建议他来北京。（可能来也可能不来，只表示建议） If I am a president, I will make all the people rich.（陈述语气，可能是候选人说） If I were a president, I would make all the people rich.（虚拟语气，可能是小学生说） If I win the race, I will buy a car. （陈述语气，得过第一名的人说） If I won the race, I would buy a car. （虚拟语气，最后一名说） 在陈述语气中，主、从句时间一般要取得一致；而在虚拟语气中，主、从句时间经常不一致，不互相制约，因为表示愿望、假设等。如： If it rains tomorrow, I will not go out. （时间一致，都表示将来） 如果明天下雨，我就不出门了。 If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.（时间不一致，主句表示现在，从句表示过去） 如果昨晚下雨的话，现在地上就会是湿的。 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 1、虚拟语气在if条件句中的使用。（表示根本不存在的情况或实现可能性很小的假设） 表示与现在事实相反的情况 if条件句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 动词过去式（be用were） would / should / could / might +动词原形 If the weather were fine, they would go for a swim. （would用于各种人称） 如果天气好，他们就去游泳了。（事实天气不好） If we had time now, we should/ would read it again. （should主要用于第一人称） 要是现在我们有空，我们就把它再看一遍。（事实我们现在没空） If I were rich, I would buy that car. If I had a car , I should be very happy. If you took his advice, you might be well soon. (might表示“或许”、“可能”之意) 2）表示与过去事实相反的情况 if条件句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 had + 过去分词 would / should / could / might + have +过去分词 If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. 如果我听了他的忠告，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实上当初我没有听他的忠告） He wouldn’t have been able to write such a good novel if he hadn’t lived among the workers for so many years. 假如