02_rf_energy.pptVIP

Introduction to RF Energy Electromagnetic Radiation: Hans Christian Oerstead (1819) demonstrated a link between electricity and magnetism he noticed that a magnetic compass needle could be deflected by placing it near a wire with electric current running through it developed left-hand rule James Clerk Maxwell (1850) showed that electrical fields and magnetic fields can couple together to form electromagnetic waves once created, an electromagnetic wave will continue forever until it is absorbed by matter Introduction to RF Energy Electromagnetic Radiation: Electromagnetic waves: Energy radiating from vibrating charged particles (i.e. electrons). Requires no matter to propagate (compare to sound waves). Changing electric field == Changing magnetic field (coupling) Introduction to RF Energy Electromagnetic Waves: Wavelength/ Frequency and the velocity of the wave are related by: lf = v l = wavelength (meters) f = frequency (hertz or cycles/second) v = velocity (meters/second) For an electromagnetic wave, v is replaced by c (the speed of light): c = 2.9979 x 108 meters/second (in a vacuum) c = 2.9391 x 108 meters/second (in air) c = 2.2490 x 108 meters/second (in water) etc. Introduction to RF Energy The Electromagnetic Spectrum: Logarithmic scale of electromagnetic waves ordered by frequency or wavelength. Infinitely long at both ends (in theory). In practice, ranges from: Long Waves 104 m, 300 Hz to Gamma Rays 10-14 m, 1021 Hz This is 18 orders of magnitude! Introduction to RF Energy Radio Waves: Heinrich Hertz (1880) proved the existence of radio waves demonstrated that radio waves travel at the speed of light also demonstrated that radio waves can travel freely through the air Characteristics of Radio Waves: lowest frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum produced by electrons oscillating in an antenna also produced by star