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Review lesson For the first two chapter thermodynamics The science which is concerned with heat and work, and transformations between the two. The first law the principle of conservation of energy; that is, energy can be neither created nor destroyed. dW+dQ is dU d is the differential of state function, δis the differential of the thing that is not state function System and surrounding system: any portion of space or matter set aside for study. Open system: both matter and energy exchanges are involved Closed system: energy exchange with the surroundings is involved, but no matter exchange Isolated system: no matter or energy exchange with the surroundings is involved Surrounding: everything else, the universe outside the system Heat and work energy transferred between system and surroundings is divided into two categories: Heat (Q): the energy changed because of the different temperature Work (W) :all other forms of energy Reversible and irreversible possesses whether the process of turning the initial state to the finial state is an infinite way, or not. Name for some common energy mechanical energy (Elastic energy) Chemical energy electric and magnetic energy surface energy Thermal energy State and state function State (macroscopic):the total of all properties Intensive and extensive properties State functions (convenience):variables independent and dependent variables Intensive and extensive properties Intensive properties: mass (kg, g etc.) temperature (T), pressure (P), physical gathering state (gaseous, liquid, solid) chemical composition (Xi) Extensive properties: volume (V), energy U, enthalpy H, entropy S and free energy G and F Enthalpy The term U+PV is defined as enthalpy. The letter “H” designates it. H ≡U+PV Specific enthalpy is enthalpy per unit mass: Taking potential and kinetic energy terms into account, Heat Capacities For a closed system at constant volume (d V=0, isochoric)