14 EV.pptVIP

* * * * 19-5. Relation between V and 1.Equipotential Surfaces(等势面 P511): and in the direction of potential decreasing (电势降的方向). (b) Electric field lines are perpendicular to equipotential surfaces (a) The electrostatic force does zero work if charges move on an equipotential surface. (c) The place where the equipotential surfaces are dense (sparse) has strong (weak) electric field 等势面疏密反映场的强弱. 2. Electric Potential Gradient (电势梯度) (P513): Integral relation —- find V from : Differential relation——find from V: b a I II As in the figure, a,b are very near points, ? The component of ?? in any direction is the negative of the rate of change of the electric potential with respect to distance in that direction. ----Partial derivative along l direction is the displacement from a to b. ★ Introduce the operator of gradient 梯度算符: R p ? x x r 0 A thin ring of radius R is uniformly charged with q. What is the on the central axis ? Solution: Example (P514): At any point on the central axis of a uniformly charged disk V is given by , Solution: Both results are the same as what we got before! Example (P514): Find out the at that point. 19-10 Motion of a charged particle in an electric field (p474) 1．Equation of motion： 2．Electric dipole: Dipole moment： In uniform field： ?Rotation E F+ F- -q +q q d l p 两大定理： 本 章 总 结 一、内容： 两个基本量： 静电场为 有源无旋场 二、计算： 场 强 电 势 积分法： 叠加法： ????? 三、 例题: 两均匀无限大薄平板相互垂直，电荷面密度为+σ和 -σ。求空间场强并画电力线。 解：场强叠加原理 因为 所以 （电力线如图） （电力线如图）