5. OOA -2.ppt

Objects First refinement Product is designed in terms of abstract data types Variables “objects” are instantiations of abstract data types Second refinement Class: abstract data type that supports inheritance Objects are instantiations of classes Inheritance Define HumanBeing to be a class A humanBeing has attributes, such as age, height, gender Assign values to attributes when describing object Define Parent to be a subclass of HumanBeing A Parent has all attributes of a HumanBeing, plus attributes of his/her own name of oldest child, number of children A Parent inherits all attributes of humanBeing The property of inheritance is an essential feature of object-oriented languages such as Smalltalk, C++, Ada 95, Java but not C, FORTRAN Inheritance contd UML notation Inheritance is represented by a large open triangle Java Implementation Aggregation Composition Association 2. Class Modeling What is a class diagram? A class diagram shows the existence of classes and their relationships in the logical design of a system. A class diagram may represent all or part of the class structure of a system. Class diagrams show the static structure of the model, in particular, the things that exist such as classes, their internal structure, and their relationships to other classes. It is the static view of a system, primarily supports the functional requirements of a system. 2. Class Modeling Class Diagram Usage When modeling the static view of a system, class diagrams are typically used in one three ways, to model: The vocabulary of a system Collaborations A logical database schema Class Modeling Extract classes and their attributes Represent them using an entity-relationship-like diagram Deduce the classes from use cases and their scenarios Often there are many scenarios Possible danger: too many candidate classes Two Approaches to Class Modeling Noun extraction Always works CRC cards, Class-Responsibility-Collaboration Need to have domain expertise For testing cla