Chapter 8章.pptVIP

Chapter Eight Language and Computer  1 Computational linguistics (P320) Computational linguistics (计算语言学) is a branch of macrolinguistics, dealing with computer processing of human language. It includes the analysis of language data so as to establish the order in which learners acquire various grammatical rules or the frequency of occurrence of some particular item; it includes electronic production of artificial speech and the automatic recognition of human speech; it includes research on automatic translation between natural languages; it also includes text processing and communication between people and computers. Chapter Eight Language and Computer  2 Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) (P321-26) 2.1 CAI/CAL vs. CALL (P321-22) 2.1.1 CAI CAI (shortened form of computer-assisted instruction) (计算机辅助教学) refers to the use of a computer in a teaching program. This may include: a. A teaching program which is presented by a computer in a sequence. The student responds on the computer, and the computer indicates whether the responses are correct or incorrect. b. The use of computers to monitor student progress, to direct students into appropriate lessons, material, etc. this is also called computer-managed instruction. CAI aims at seeing educational problems on the part of the teacher. Chapter Eight Language and Computer  2.1.2 CAL CAL (shortened form of computer-assisted learning) (计算机辅助学习) refers to the use of a computer in both teaching and learning in order to help the learner achieve educational objectives. The first kinds of CAL programs which were developed reflected principles similar to programmed instruction. The computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the student’s response, the computer gives the students further practice or progresses to new material. In more recent CAL courseware students are