ThePhysicsofRadiology-chapter3-1new.pptVIP

The Fundamentals of Nuclear Physics Part one Natural Radioactivity Artificial Radioactivity Activity Activity Activity Activity Exponential decay of some commonly used isotopes Emitted radiation( average or mean life) Emitted radiation( average or mean life) Emitted radiation( average or mean life) Alpha Disintegration Summary natural radioactivity Arfiticial radioactivity Activity Mean life( emitted radiation ) Charts of Isotopes Alpha disintegration * * BME College Sherman sheen The Physics of Radiology General state of particles Continual motion Uncertainty for a single particle Statistical rules in radioactive nucleus some certain percentage Stable atom when Z82 High energy devices produce new particles artificially How to detect the new conversion Geiger counter or scintillation counter chemical separation Definition: the number of disintegrations per unit time λ transformation constant Initial activity = A0 = N0λ = Unit: becquerel 1 Bq = 1 disintegration per second 1 curie (Ci) = 3.700×1010 Bq the number of disintegrations per second from 1 gram of radium Decay of the activity of a 198Au source containing 108 atoms thousands of curies (~1014 Bq) --therapy machines Generally speaking mCi (~108 Bq) ------ diagnostic procedures the total number of disintegrations emitted radiation cumulated activity deposited in one organ ta N0λ＝N0 quantity ta: the average life or mean life Example 3-1. A 2.0 mCi source of Au-198 is permanently implanted into a patient. Determine the emitted radiation (1 day = 8.64×104 s). Average life = 1.44th = 1.44(2.69 d) = 3.87 d Emitted radiation = 2.0 mCi ×3.87 d = 7.74 mCi d = 6.69×105 mCi s = 6.69×105×3.70×107 Bq S = 2.48×1013 Bq s = 2.48×1013 dis. Example 3-2. A source of Au-198 of initial activity 8 × 107 Bq is placed in a patient for 2.9 d and then removed. Find the emitted radiation. Activity after 2.9 d = 8×1