解破学 1.1骨学.pptVIP

The general description The bones of trunk The skull The bones of limbs → homework §1 The general description Proper shape Hard and resilient Abundant in blood and nerve supply Metabolism and growth Repairing 修复 Regeneration 再生 Reconstruction 再造 儿童的骨头比成人多。因为： 儿童的骶骨有5块，成人后合为1块。 儿童的尾骨有4～5块，成人后合为1块。 儿童有2块髂骨、2块坐骨和2块耻骨，到成人就合并成为2块髋骨。 这样儿童的骨头要比成人多 11～12块， 就是说有217～218块。而初生婴儿的骨头竟多达305块。 long bone short bone flate bone irregular bone The structure of bones Compact bone(骨密质) Cancellous bone(骨松质) The bony substance The bony substance In the flat bones of the skull, the layers of compact bone are called the outer plate (外板) and inner plate (内板), while the layer of spongy bone is called the diplo? (板障)。 Red bone marrow Yellow bone marrow 有机质 无机质 The axial skeleton 中轴骨骼 Made up of the bones along the midline (axis) of the body, including the skull, hyoid bone(舌骨) , spinal column, ribs and sternum (胸骨). The visceral bones are formed in soft organs. They are not present in all species of animals. The general components The vertebrae The ribs The sternum Cervical vertebrae 颈椎 Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎 Lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 Sacrum 骶椎 Coccyx 尾椎 The foramen is nearly triangular and is relatively large and roomy. The cervical vertebrae - Atlas and Axis view The articulation of Atlas with Axis The body in heart-shaped. The body in kidney-shaped. Made up of 5 fused vertebrae. Made up of 4 coccygeal(尾椎的) vertebrae. The ribs may be classified into following types: Jugular notch 胸骨上切迹 Clavicular notch 锁骨切迹 The general features of the skull The bones of the cerebral cranium The bones of the facial cranium The general characters of the skull at birth Totally there are 23 the skull bones which may be divided into 2 parts: Frontal bone 额骨 Ethmoid bone 筛骨 位于额骨与蝶骨之间,此骨有空泡小孔,是含气骨。 Sphenoid bone 蝶骨 形如蝴蝶，位于前方的额骨、筛骨和后方的颞骨、枕骨之间，横向伸展于颅底部。蝶骨分为体、小翼、大翼和翼突四个部分。 Occipital bone 枕骨 是颅骨的一部分，俗称“后脑勺”，是平卧位时头部与枕头相接触的部位， 故称之为枕骨。 位于顶骨之后，并延伸至颅底。在枕骨的下面中央