(最新修订)英美文化.docVIP

第一大题、判断题（25分） 美国是如何建立的 How was American Continent discovered? ? In 1492 the Italian navigator Christopher Columbus, financed by the Spanish Queen, sailed west from Spain in search of a sea route to India. He failed to reach India but found America instead. ? Columbus mistook the land as India and called the people Indians ? The new continent was named after America Vespucci, another sailor flying the Spanish flag ? It was called the New World while Europe became known as the Old World 美洲新大陆的发现 The Discovery of the New World：In 1492 the Italian navigator Christopher Columbus, financed by the Spanish Queen, sailed west from Spain in search of a sea route to India. He failed to reach India but found America instead. （1492，西班牙女王斥资帮助哥伦布发现新大洲，目标本为印度，但却无意发现美洲大陆） 美国土著和移民的关系（少移民） Relationship of American Indians with European settlers friendship hostility American Indians helped the early Europeans to survive American Indians were killed and driven to mountainous and barren areas known as Indian Reservations, as a result of interests in land and cultural conflicts 美国殖民地 The first English colony in America(殖民地） The first English colony in America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607 美国建国后的宪法（起草→十条修正案《人权法案》→废除奴隶制）（少废除奴隶制） Articles of Confederation 邦联条例 (不确定是不是考点）（联邦条例早于之前写到的美国宪法，因为congress议会对于13个州的管制不够，导致联邦条例的失效。在1787年5月，会议在Philadelphia召开，再次拟定） Reason：A more permanent and legitimate union of the 13 states was necessary. (13个州管理的需要） Time：in 1777 the Congress drafted a confederation，called Articles of Confederation Influence:　 First, it provided for no king. 　　　　　Second, while the Articles created a central government in the form of Congress,　　the emphasis was still on state powers. Bill of rights (人权法案） James Madison, father of American Constitution（此人使得人权法案最终写入宪法） The first ten amendments（十条修正案） Amendment I: Freedom of speech, religion, press, petition and assembly. Amendment II: Right to bear arms and militia. Amendment III: Quartering of soldiers. Amendme