literature of colonial american.pptVIP

Chapter One: Colonial Beginnings Historical Introduction： I. The native American and their culture– Indians The Indians created their own literature in their struggle with the nature. It was mainly oral literature including folktales, songs, sacred stories, and narrative accounts of gods and heroes. Their literature was collected and published in English and inspired the imagination of later writers. Historical Background 1.Early history: 1) In 1492, Christopher Columbus found the new continent called America. 2) In 1607, Captain John Smith led some Englishmen across the ocean. 3) In 1620, 102 passengers sailed on the ship Mayflower across the sea and settled on the new continent “New England”. “五月花”号(Mayflower) ? 以第一艘运载英国移民驶往北美建立普利茅斯殖民地的船只和在该船上制定《“五月花”号公约》而闻名。载重约180吨，长90英尺。 分离派(separatists)是英国清教中最激进的一派，由于受英国国教的残酷迫害，1608年8月前往荷兰。一部分教徒决定迁居北美，并与弗吉尼亚公司签订移民合同。1620年9月，在牧师布莱斯特率领下l02人乘“五月花”号前往北美。11月21日，到达科德角，于圣诞节后第一天在普利茅斯地方上岸。登陆前，由分离派领袖主持制定《“五月花”号公约》。其内容为：组织公民团体；拟定公正的法律、法令、规章和条例。此公约奠定了新英格兰诸州自治政府的基础。 The Ship of Mayflower Historical Background 2. People: native inhabitants: Indians Immigrants mostly from Europe: Spanish; Dutch; French English immigrants, Jamestown, Virginia, 1607 Historical Background 3. Belief---Puritanism Puritans wanted to “purify the church” to its original state, because they thought the church was corrupted and had too many rituals Doctrines of Puritans taking religion as the most important thing; living for glorifying God; believing predestination（命运天定）, original sin(原罪，人生下来就是有罪的，因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的), total depravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到最好以取悦上帝), limited atonement (有限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上帝的拯救) American Puritanism Features of American Puritan American Puritanism Enduring shaping influence on literature ①Basis of American literature American Puritanism ②Contributing to the development of Symbolism（象征主义）: a technique, widely used American Puritanism ③Influencing the style of literature: simple, fresh and direct (just as the style of th