rock mechanics and stress.pptVIP

Calculating In-Situ Stresses in GOHFER Calculating In-Situ Earth Stresses Stresses caused by overburden weight Stresses caused by pore pressure Stresses caused by tectonic movements Stresses caused by creep-flow and plasticity Computing Stresses from Logs Logs Needed Full-waveform acoustic logs Bulk density Lithology Possible Stress Models Uniaxial strain model Tectonic stress boundary Tectonic strain boundary Plane strain model Computation of Elastic Properties from Logs Poisson’s Ratio Varies With Lithology Young’s Modulus Estimates Based on Velocity and Density Uniaxial Strain:Deformation in One Direction Tectonic Stresses Can Be Handled in Two Ways Young’s Modulus Can Affect In-Situ Stress Horizontal Plane Strain Model Couples horizontal stresses for no vertical displacement Relates tectonic effects to both E and ? Requires knowledge of both horizontal stresses Is the default model used in most log analysis packages Plastic Deformation of Rocks Occurs under Confining Stress Rocks Behave Like Plastic Materials Effects of Plasticity and Creep on Stress Estimates Apparent Poisson’s Ratio approaches 0.5 Horizontal stresses become nearly equal Horizontal stress equals vertical stress Pore pressure depletion insignificant Tendency for strong height containment in clay-rich, plastic sediments Possible blunting or fracture truncation Fracture Orientation from Borehole Ellipticity Effect of Pore Pressure on Stress Pore fluid supports part of the total stress Pore pressure depletion increases net stress and leads to compaction Pore pressure depletion decreases total fracture closure stress Fractures tend to grow into region of lowest pore pressure Net Effective Stress Causes Rock Deformation Pore Pressure Variations Induce Closure Stress Contrasts Change in Closure Stress is Related to Change in Pore Pressure Closure Stress Change Related to Pressure Depletion and PR Effect of Reservoir Pressure Gradients Fractures grow into areas of lower closure stress or