【绝对精华】语法：分词不定式.pptVIP

Grammar and usage 某些情况下，定语不能用v-ing 形式，必须用定语从句。 ? ① 作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。 昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。 【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture. 【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture. ② v-ing形式的完成式一般不作定语，只作状语。 被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。 【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. v-ing v-ed作定语的区别 1．及物动词的-ing形式作定语表示与被修饰名词是主动关系，及物动词的-ed 形式表示与被修饰名词是被动关系。 The group called Green Hand is trying to help protect the environment. The group calling itself Green Hand is trying to help protect the environment. 2．不及物动词-ing形式表示动词正在进行，而-ed形式表示动作已完成，并不带有被动的含义。 falling leaves?正在飘落的叶子 fallen leaves?落叶 an escaped prisoner = a prisoner who has escaped 逃犯 a retired worker = a worker who has retired 退休工人 V-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，其动作执行者与句子主语是主动一致。在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 　　 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. (= After we have made full preparations...) 2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. (= Since he was ill...) 3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。 　　 His father died, leaving him a lot of money. (= and left him a lot of money.) 4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. =If you work hard at your lessons... 5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 　　 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. = Although they knew all this... 6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。 　　 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. = ...and stared at the sky for a long time V-ed形式作状语 动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。但其动作执行者与句子主语是被动一致。 1 动词-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. = When the city is seen from the tower... 有时动词-ed形式前可加连词when, while等来强调时间概念。 Once recovered, he went all out to do his work. 2 v-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原