第二章被动语态(二).docVIP

第二章被动语态(二) 第二章 被动语态（二） 三、主动语态变被动语态 中国人的思维的着眼点在动作的施动者，英美人思维的着眼点在动作的承受者。 中国人常这样说：I expect you to be there on time. 我希望你准时到那里。 英美人常这样说：You are expected to be there on time. 希望你准时到那里。 这就是英语中被动语态的使用比汉语中多的原因。由于英语句子的主动语态结构不同，因而变成被动语态的方式也各不相同。 A. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”结构中只有一个宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语： They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 他们将在会议上讨论这个问题。 -- The plan will be discussed at the meeting. 这个问题将在会议上讨论。 In the past the king possessed great wealth. 过去国王拥有巨大的财富。 -- In the past great wealth was possessed by the king. 过去，巨大的财富为国王所拥有。 B. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 在这个句型中，谓语动词跟有两个宾语。变成被动语态时，一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化成主语，但有时也可将指物的间接宾语转化成主语： We gave the student some books. 我们给了这个学生几本书。 -- The student was given some books. 这个学生被给了几本书。 -- Some books were given to the student. 几本书被给了这个学生。 His father bought him a computer last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。 -- He was bought a computer by his father last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。 -- A computer was bought for him by his father last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。 注意：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to, for, of等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。 They awarded him the Nobel Prize. 他们授予他诺贝尔奖。 -- The Nobel Prize was awarded（to）him. 诺贝尔奖被授予给他。 The host had caught us some fish. 主人给我们捉了一些鱼。 -- Some fish had been caught for us by the host. 主人给我们捉了一些鱼。（for不可省） C. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 在这个句型中，谓语动词后有一个宾语和一个宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，宾语转化成主语，宾语补足语也随之变为主语补足语： All the villagers painted the houses white. 所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。 -- The houses were painted white by all the villagers. 房子都被所有的村民都涂成了白色。 They kept us waiting for a long time. 他们让我们等了很长时间。 -- We were kept waiting for a long time. 我们等了很长时间。 We regarded him as the best doctor in town. 我们认为他是城里最好的医生。 -- He was regarded as the best doctor in town. 他被认为是城里最好的医生。 注意： 有些使役动词和感官动词,如make, see, hear, watch, notice, observe, listen to等，在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动结构时，不定式应加上to。 We heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我们听见他向朋友们道别。 -- He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 他被听到向朋友们道别。 D. 含有情态动词的主动句变被动句 含有情态动词的