遗传学名词解释H.docVIP

H H substance ?? -- The carbohydrate group present on the surface of red blood cells. When unmodified, it results in blood type O; when modified by the addition of monosaccharides, it results in type A, B, and AB. haploid ?? -- A cell or organism having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. The gametic chromosome number. haplotype ?? -- The set of alleles from closely linked loci carried by an individual and usually inherited as a unit. Hardy-Weinberg law ?? -- The principle that both gene and genotype frequencies will remain in equilibrium in an infinitely large population in the absence of mutation, migration, selection, and nonrandom mating. heat shock ?? -- A transient response following exposure of cells or organisms to elevated temperatures. The response involves activation of a small number of loci, inactivation of some previously active loci, and selective translation of heat shock mRNA. Appears to be a nearly universal phenomenon observed in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. helicase ?? -- An enzyme that participates in DNA replication by unwinding the double helix near the replication fork. helix-turn-helix motif ?? -- The structure of a region of DNA-binding proteins in which a turn of four amino acids holds two alpha helices at right angles to each other. hemizygous ?? -- Conditions where a gene is present in a single dose in an otherwise diploid cell. Usually applied to genes on the X chromosome in heterogametic males. hemoglobin (Hb) ?? -- An iron-containing, oxygen-carrying protein occurring chiefly in the red blood cells of vertebrates. hemophilia ?? -- An X-linked trait in humans associated with defective blood-clotting mechanisms. heredity ?? -- Transmission of traits from one generation to another. heritability ?? -- A measure of the degree to which observed phenotypic differences for a trait are genetic. heterochromatin ?? -- The heavily staining, late replicating regions of chromosomes that are condensed in interphase. Thought to be de