4掌心的世界精简本(精简本)中英文对照,介绍中国玻璃内画.docVIP

掌心的世界 玻璃内画是最具特色的中国传统工艺，它的起源和发展和鼻烟是分不开的……. 相传鼻烟和鼻烟壶是1581年由意大利人利玛窦带进中国的。 明初始起灶的山东博山玻璃作坊，是有史可证的中国最早的玻璃作坊。清廷于康熙三十五年（公元1696年）设玻璃厂，隶属“养心殿造办处”，高薪聘请了德国传教士纪里安协助营建。 内画工艺于清光绪十六年传入博山，其时，有画师毕荣九尤擅此艺，并广传弟子，为博山内画艺术之鼻祖。二十世纪四十年代博山内画的一度中断。解放后，内画老艺人张文堂、薛京万重整旧业，使传统技艺得以继承。内画鼻烟壶概括地说，就是用自制的行笔，在口小如豆的方寸瓶内反手作画。作画时，画师须全神贯注，气沉丹田，发力于腕，行气于笔。将大画之精神溶于方寸天地之间。内画极费目力，内画家工作半小时节稍事休息，每两小时便要闭目养神。为此，只有真正了解内画之难度的收藏家，才会特别珍惜这些艺术品。由于内画创作十分艰辛，一百多年来，这门艺术仍为我国所独有。目前，我国从事内画的画家不计其数，然而从事此项工作并有一定水平的内画家，历史潮流百年来均不足一百人。 中国内画鼻烟壶的有以下三个主要流派：? 京派内画鼻烟壶?2 鲁派内画鼻烟壶? 3 冀派内画鼻烟壶 The World in the Palm Interior painting inside glassware is one of the most excellent traditional Chinese crafts. Its origin and development were closely related to the development of snuff consumption in China. It is said that the snuff and snuff bottle were brought into China an Italian called Ricci Matteo in 1581. The Boshan glass workshop in Shandong Province, founded in the first period of the Ming Dynasty, was the earliest glass workshop in China with historical records. The Qing Dynasty founded a glass workshop in the 35th year of Kang Xi 1696 AD , belonging to the Construction Office of the “ The Hall of Mental Cultivation”. German missionary, Jili’an 纪里安 , was paid quite well to construct the edifice. Interior painting was introduced to Boshan in the 16th year of Guanxu in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, an artist named Bi Rongjiu who was an expert at it and had many disciples was the originator of Boshan interior painting. Inner painting came to a halt in the 1940s. After the Liberation, veteran interior painting artists Zhang Wentang and Xue Jing reformed the old crafts and passed on the heritage. Generally speaking, using a self-made slender pen to draw pictures inside small bottles that are sometimes as small as a bean, is called interior-painting. While drawing, the painter must be extremely concentrated. Using a breathing technique developed in Tai Qi, he gathers all his energy?in his abdomen, and then channels it through his wrist a