Phy 211General Physics I.pptVIP

Phy 211: General Physics I Chapter 6: Force Motion II Lecture Notes Fluid (Air) Drag Forces When moving objects are in a fluid medium (i.e. air), the motion is impeded by interactions between the fluid and the object’s surface. This is referred to as Fluid Drag (or Air Drag in the case of air). Drag forces always oppose the direction of motion In the simplest model, Drag forces are related to: The object’s relative motion within the fluid (v) The density of the fluid (r) The effective cross sectional area of the object (A) Coefficient of drag (C): a constant that characterizes the interaction between the fluid and the surface of the object terminal velocity, ( ) occurs when the drag force equals the forces that oppose it ( ) Falling Objects with Air Drag Consider a ball (1 kg), 0.20 m radius, dropped from a helicopter and subject to air drag. The coefficient of drag (C) is 0.5 and rair is 1.21 kg/m3. The effective cross-sectional area for the ball is: As the ball descends, its free body diagram is: When Fdrag=mg, the terminal velocity is: Surface Frictional Forces When an object moves or tends to move along a surface, there is an interaction between the microscopic contact points on the 2 surfaces. This interaction results in a frictional force, that is parallel to the surface opposite to the direction of the motion There are 2 types of surface friction: Static (sticking) Kinetic (sliding) Static Friction Static (or sticking) friction ( ) is the frictional force exerted when the object tends to move, but the external force is not yet strong enough to actually move the object. Increasing the applied force, the static frictional force increases as well (so the net force is zero) . The force just before breakaway is the maximum static frictional force. The direction of the static friction force is always in opposition to the external forces(s) acting on the body The magnitude of the maximum static friction force is: Where: is