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Run short/out (of) run out v.用尽, 耗尽, 期满, 跑出 if a supply of sth runs out, it is used up or finished 用完，耗尽 例句： Time is running out for the trapped miners.被困矿工的时间差不多了。 if an agreement or a document runs out ,it becomes no longer valid. 过期，失效 run out of to use up or finish a supply of sth. 用完  耗尽（供应品） We ran out of fuel. 我们把燃料用光了。 run short 缺少, 用完, 耗尽 例句： Their food is running short. 他们的食物不够了。 Go and get some more oil so we dont run short. 去多弄些油来以免到时候用光了。 run short of 1.not enough; insufficient; short of; lack; 2.to run short of; to be lacking in sth. vt. 缺乏 ..., 快用完 ... 例句： Im late for work every day, and Im running short of excuses. 我每天迟到，现在找不到什麽藉口了。 That winter they were running short of fodder. 这年冬天, 他们的饲料快用完了。 Keep v. to stay in a particular condition or position保持, 保留, 继续, 贮藏, 遵守, 供给, 照管, 耽搁 n. 生计 n.监狱,围墙  Keep straight on until you get to the church. 一直朝前走就走到教堂了。 Please keep me a place in the queue. 排队时请给我占个位置。 You must keep your promise. 你必须遵守诺言。 Keep from 1.克制 例句: Hearing the words, he couldnt keep from laughing. 听了这话，他不由得笑了起来 2. 使不做,阻止;避开;  I kept the children from going out. 我不让孩子们出去。 stop( from) stop from阻止 stop....from 避免 stop....from...阻止……做…… 例句： The teacher stopped me from cheating in the exam. 老师阻止我在考试中作弊。 Fly non-stop from New York to Paris.从纽约直飞巴黎。 refrain from  忍住, 抑制, 制止 例句: Im just trying to refrain from drowsing at work. 我只是试着别在工作时打瞌睡而已。 I wish he would refrain from scattering his ash all over the carpet. 我希望他不要将烟灰往地毯上乱弹。 Lets hope they will refrain from hostile actions. 希望他们不采取敌对行动。 prevent from 1.prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening.阻止……的发生;阻止意外发生。 2.prevent from leaving or from being removed.阻止……离开或移动。 3.To prevent from seeing and especially from comprehending.使看不见,尤指使不理解 4.prevent from; stop from阻止;妨碍 5.inhibit from; prevent from抑制;阻止 例句：I was prevented from going by urgent business. 我因急事不能去。 三者都有除了基本的意思和用法之外，值得提醒的是keep from中的from不能省。