13 determiners简.ppt

名词词组 限定词 + 前置修饰语 +名词 + 后置修饰语 限定词和修饰语是不同的。最主要最典型的限定词是冠词，最典型的修饰语是形容词 --限定词（选择或有无）在语法里有结构上的联系，而修饰语则没有这种联系。少了限定词往往引起语法结构的缺陷（即错误），省略修饰语词组结构完整。 --限定词是限定名词的外部特征，而修饰语是描绘名词中心词的内部特征（名词的所指意义） 答疑（lecture 5 p/54 属格作限定词 The boy’s father his father. The woman’s husband her husband The cat’s paw its paw 名词数个用于物主限定词的意义时，便起中位限定词的作用，即相当于物主限定词 我们可以说his/their grandfather,也可以说the boy’s/the children’s grandfather 属格作修饰语： A women’s magazine classifier类别词） A three days’ journey. 表示时间长度的修饰语） 都是描绘性修饰语descriptive modifier,而不是限定词。所以可以和a, the中位限定词连用。 three times the price one-third that meat half the candidates all their movements that third brother of his a great friend of mine these five samples any two students his few friends every such possibility Many, much, a lot of, lots of, plenty of a : Many and much, informally, usually used in negative and question. 主要用于否定句或疑问句 How many mistakes have you made? On formal occasions, much and many as subject may be used in affirmative.在较为正式的语体中，处于主语位置时也可用于肯定句。 　 Many of the workers were at the meeting. affirmative 　 Much of the time was spent on learning. affirmative b : too much/many, so much/many, as many/much as.. usually used in affirmative多用于肯定句。 He’s so much money Robert has written too many letters. 也可用于否定句 I don’t need so much money C . many a （ many）。例如： 　 Many a book was sold. 卖出了许多书。 d . Much, many can function可用作代词 E.g.: Lots/plenty of a A lot of, lots of, plenty of are commonly used in affirmative sentences主要用于肯定句。 b can function 可用作名词 We have a lot of things to do today. noun few, little, a few, a little a）few + c.n., （a） little + u.n. 　a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点 　few / little　为否定含义，没有多少了。如： 　He has a few friends.　他有几个朋友。 　He has few friends.　　他几乎没有朋友。 　We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。 　There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间 b fixed collocations 固定搭配： only a few （ few）　 not a few （ many）　 quite a few （ many） I don’t like the look of him（他的外表） This should be good enough for the like s of you（象你们这