瀡瑓症湥倠浥敢-XHTML.pptVIP

XHTML Steven Pemberton CWI, Amsterdam Chair, W3C HTML Working Group Overview History Philosophy XML and related technologies XHTML 1.0 Modularisation XHTML Basic XHTML 1.1 The Future HTML 1 The original HTML was designed in the early 1990’s for scientific reports Each document was a single resource (not even IMG) (This explains much about HTTP by the way) (HTML 1) It is amazing how much we have been able to do with a language with such beginnings It was described using SGML HTML as an SGML Application SGML: an international standard in 1986 It is a Meta-language that describes data formats, using DTD’s (Document Type Definitions) Describes structure, not presentationH1HTML as SGML Application/H1 Example of a DTD fragment !ELEMENT table (caption?, (col*|colgroup*), thead?, tfoot?, (tbody+|tr+)) !ELEMENT caption %Inline; !ELEMENT thead (tr)+ ... Attributes !ATTLIST TABLE %attrs; -- %coreattrs, %i18n, %events -- summary %Text; #IMPLIED width %Length; #IMPLIED border %Pixels; #IMPLIED … Entities !ENTITY % fontstyle TT | I | B | BIG | SMALL !ENTITY % inline #PCDATA | %fontstyle; | %phrase; | %special; | %formctrl; !ENTITY % Length CDATA -- nn for pixels or nn% for percentage length -- Problems with SGML Arcane syntax Very difficult to implement fully No support for types Changes to HTML Netscape and Microsoft start adding to HTML: mostly presentation-oriented tags (like BLINK, CENTER), and frames The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) started effort to: Keep HTML Pure Do presentation via Style Sheets Separating content and presentation HTML was designed as a data-structuring language, but the later changes undermined this. Separating content from presentation has distinct advantages For the author Easier to write your documents Easier to change your documents Easy to change the look of your documents Access to professional designs Your documents are smaller Visible on more devices Visible to more