Transition to the Modern Age概况2.pptVIP

Tutor Dynasty(1485-1603) Religious Reformation Reasons （1533） Transition to the Modern Age Two Main Dynasties Tutor Dynasty House of Stuart HenryⅦ JamesⅠ James Ⅰ ElizabethⅠ MaryⅠ EdwardⅥ Henry Ⅷ HenryⅦ House of Stuart（1603-1714） Anne MaryⅡ WilliamⅢ CharlesⅡ CharlesⅠ JamesⅠ HenryⅦ HenryⅧ ElizabethⅠ Turn England from a medieval backwater to a powerful Renaissance state. Reformation An age of glory （1558-1603） Renaissance Enclosure Movement (圈地运动) The church of the middle age had not been only a religious body but an political and legal power as well. The greed and laziness of the church hindered the social and political progress of England. Immediate cause: Henry Ⅷ’s divorce. Result：Henry Ⅷ became the only supreme head of the church of England. The English church became independent of Rome. Rome Catholic church was international. The English church was strictly national. House of Stuart-Civil War and Restoration MaryⅡ WilliamⅢ CharlesⅡ CharlesⅠ JamesⅠ JamesⅠ of England - James Ⅵ of Scotland Unified the whole England. He dissolved the Parliament for 11 years. In accordance with the doctrine of the Divine Rights. (君权神授) Charles Ⅰ-the Civil War(1642-1651) Charles Ⅰ (loser) VS Parliament (winner) Royalists (Cavaliers 保王党) gentry, big landlords and monopolists.(贵族，大地主，垄断者) Parliamentarians (Roundhead圆颅党 ) Merchants, artisans, apprentices and peasants. (商人，工匠，学徒，农民) Results of the English Civil War: 1.The King Charles’ army was defeated. 2.Charles Ⅰ was beheaded. 3.The monarchy was abolished in 1649 and England was declared to be a commonwealth. 4.With the declaration of the Commonwealth. Oliver Cromwell (克伦威尔)became the Lord Protector. Charles Ⅱ-Restoration (复辟 1660） Charles Ⅱ accepted the invitation and restored the House of Stuart. MaryⅡ and William Ⅲ-the Bloodless of Glorious Revolution (光荣革命 1688) They agreed to a Bill of Rights.(权利宣言 1689) It marked the beginning of t