Semiconductor Physics and Device-2015.10.30.pptVIP

Semiconductor Physics and Device Semiconductor?? Conductor? Insulator? Semi-conductor? Periodic Table of Elements Silicon? A crystal of pure silicon has a regular lattice structure where atoms are held in their positions by covalent bond. Si has 14 electrons and 10 of them occupy very deep energy levels and are bound to the nucleus of the atom. The other 4 electrons are weakly bound and are called valence electrons. Electron and Hole Doped Si (As or P) A silicon crystal doped by a pentavalent element (As or P). Each dopant atom donates a free electron and is thus called a donor. The doped semiconductor becomes n type. In the doped Si, it is no longer perfect and the existence of donor state in the bandgap is reasonable. Doped Si (B or In) A silicon crystal doped by a trivalent element (B or In). Each dopant atom gives rise to a hole, and the semiconductor becomes p type. Intrinsic Semiconductor perfectly crystalline pure, and no surface effects no = po = ni ≡intrinsic carrier concentration[cm?3] no ≡equilibrium (free) electron concentration in conduction band[cm?3] po ≡ equilibrium hole concentration in valence band[cm?3] ni 2 = no po As expected: T ↑?ni ↑ Eg ↑? ni ↓ Donors, N-Type introduce electrons to conduction band without introducing holes to valence band Diode Diode without Applied Voltage Under open-circuit condition, the pn junction would result in the depletion region and a built-in voltage. Built-in potential Build-in Potential (cont’) /~wie/applet/pnformation/pnformation.html Characteristics of Silicon Diodes With some scales expanded and others compressed, the detail of the i-v characteristics can be revealed in the right figure. Charge Density, Electric Field, Potential of Diode Diode with Applied Voltage What happens under reverse and forward bias? MOS Field-Effect TransistorsMOSFET Introduction ?MOSFET and BJT are 2 major types of transistors. Although each offers unique features and areas of application, the M