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山东交通学院海运学院 大型船舶回转掉头的定量定性分析 专 业 航海技术 届 别 2013 届 学 号 0座机电话号码 姓 名 张普 指导教师 王宪坤 山东交通学院海运学院 二○一三年五月 原 创 声 明 论文作者 签字 ： 日期： 2013年6月14日 摘 要 随着世界经济不断趋于全球化和一体化，世界各国海上贸易的日益频繁。世界航运业发展迅速，充分表现在货运量与商船队的数量上。尤其突出地表现在船舶大型化方面。十年来世界商船队中每艘船的平均载重量由18975吨上升为22975吨，共增长21%，年均增长率接近2%,这是航运业适应规模经济要求的反应。大型化最明显的是集装箱船，平均年增长2. 53%，如果把集装箱船以3万吨〔约2000TEU 与6万吨 约4500TEU 为小、中、大型船的分界线，则十年来小型船的比重由39%降为25%，中型船的比重由53%降为39%，大型船的比重由8%上升为36%。其次为液化气船，平均年增长 2. 13% ,散货船的年增长率 2.07% 也在世界商船队的平均水平之上。 大型船舶由于载重量大，吃水深，尺度长，冲程大，惯性大，受海域限制等特点，操纵比较困难。在船舶实际运营当中，狭水道和港曰掉头是经常遇到的问题，也是事故的易发环节。大型船舶旋回掉头，如果能合理利用拖轮，将大幅提高船舶的旋回性能。对此的正确理解有助于提高船艺和保证安全。有必要进行研究。 关键词:掉头，旋回，大型船舶 ABSTRACT With the globalization of world economy and integration of world maritime trade increasingly frequent. The world shipping industry development is rapid, full performance on the freight volume and the amount of merchant fleet. Especially the surface ship now in terms of bigness. Each boat in ten years the worlds merchant fleet average weight increased to 18975 tons from 22975 tons, the total growth of 21%, annual average growth rate of close to 2%, this is the reaction of the shipping industry adapt to economy of scale. Large container ship is the most obvious, 2. The average annual growth of 53%, if the container ship to 30000 tons about 2000 teu and 2000 tons about 4500 teu for small, medium and large vessel line, the ten years the proportion of small boat from 39% to 25%, the proportion of medium ship fell to 53% from 53%, the proportion of large vessels increased to 8% from 36%. Secondly for liquefied gas ship, 2. The average annual growth of 13%, annual growth rate 2.07% of bulk carrier is on the average of the worlds merchant fleet. The large vessels due to the load is large, deep drawing, dimensions of long, large stroke, large inertia, restricted by waters, etc, control more difficult. Actual operations in the ship, the narrow waterway and port turn around is often encountered problem, also is accident prone. Large ship turni