动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定1.docVIP

动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式 to do 、动名词 -ing 和分词 -ing/-ed 三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。 * 中考对非谓语动词的考查主要集中在以下三方面： 1. 动词不定式和动名词作宾语； 2. 不定式作宾语补足语、状语和定语； 3. 固定句型和固定词组搭配。 * 一、不定式 1. 动词不定式的基本形式为：to + 动词原形 （to是不定式符号，本身无词义。） 动词不定式的否定形式为：not + to + 动词原形 2. 动词不定式的句法功能： ①. 作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在后面，其结构为： It + be + adj. + for/of sb. + 动词不定式 To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. *（如: important, necessary, useful, 等形容事情的形容词后，用for；） （如: kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，用of。） It’s important for us to protect the environment. 对我们来说保护环境很重要。 It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。 It’s very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明了。 ②. 作宾语 有一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的谓语动词和固定搭配有： * like, would like, want, try, agree, disagree, begin, start, decide, refuse, stop, forget, remember, hope, wish, learn, seem, , need, pretend（假装） * have time to do sth. used to do sth. get/have a chance to do sth. get/have an opportunity to do sth. try/do one’s best to do sth. make up one’s mind to do sth. make a decision to do sth. decide to do be supposed to do sth.（应该做某事） be willing to do sth.（愿意做某事） in order to do sth.（为了…） I want to go to the beach for my holiday. 我想去海滩度假。 He hopes to be a lawyer in the future. 他希望将来当一名律师。 I try to eat a lot of vegetables. 我尽量吃很多蔬菜。（8上Unit 1） Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？ * 在think, find后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。 He found it hard to catch up with his classmates. 他发现很难赶上他的同学们。 * 常见的一些不带to的不定式作宾语的结构： Why not …. had better …. would rather… than… Could /Would/ Will you please ….? Could you please give me some suggestions for vacation spots? 你能给我提点关于度假场所的建议吗？ （9全Unit 7） I would rather stay at home than go out with you. 我宁愿呆在家也不愿和你出去。 ③. 作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。（也就是：不定式的动作是由作宾语的人来做的。） * 动词tell, ask, want, allow, get, teach, would like, encourage后常跟不定式作宾语补足语 My mother wants me to drink milk every day. She invited me to come to her party yesterday. The teacher asked us to be qu