福建农林大学计算机专业英语课后单选1(40分).docVIP

计算机英语课后单选 1-1 A computer system solves a problem by accepting input,processing problem, and producing output. The amount of effective work of a computer can be indicated by storage size directly. Computer systems consist of hardware and software. Computer that can solve only one kind of problem is a special-purpose machine. Computer that can solve many different kinds of problems is a general-purpose machine. Software instruct the hardware. Hardware is difficult and expensive to change. We usually show the computer components in a block diagram. 1-2 We usually call our computers machines. An instruction set can sometimes be referred to as machine instructions. The binary language is called machine language. We don’t confuse the processor’s instruction set with the instructions of high-level programming languages. An instruction consists of operations and operands. An operand that refers to data in the memory is called an address. A timer can give precisely timed electrical signals. A processor includes two functional units,they are control unit and ALU. The ways by which the control unit works are analogous to a telephone switch-board with intelligence. The control unit takes out the instructions from memory. 1-3 There are three desiderata in the memory system,they are size,speed and cost. Even with the high speed DRAM as real memory,the high performance processors still have the latency problem. A microcomputer has a built in ROM chip,it is called sometimes ROM BIOS. Items stored in RAM can be accessed both easily and in any order (randomly). Magnetic disk has two types,they are hard disks and floppy disks. CD-ROM is abbreviated from Compact Disk ROM. Read/write head detects or writes magnetized spots on the iron-oxide coating of the tape. The locations of a RAM are maintained by the control unit. The closest memory to the CPU is called as L1 cache. The processor addresses the disk with virtual memory. 2.1 1,Buffering can overlap the input,output,and co