第三章农业与工业区位论Convertor.docVIP

第三章 农业与工业区位论 主讲：徐梦洁 内容 ? 杜能农业区位论 韦伯工业区位论 其他工业区位论 行为区位理论：收益性空间界限分析与 行为矩阵 第二节 韦伯工业区位论 ? 韦伯简介 ? 韦伯工业区位论概要 ? 韦伯区位论评述 二、韦伯工业区位论概要 ? Least Cost Theory ? Leaning heavily on work developed by the relatively unknown Wilhelm Launhardt, Alfred Weber formulated a least cost theory of industrial location which tries to explain and predict the locational pattern of the industry at a macro-scale. It emphasizes that firms seek a site of minimum transport and labour cost. 假设 ? 已知原料供给地的地理分布； ? 已知产品的消费地与规模； ? 劳动力存在于多数的已知地点，不能移动，各地的劳动成本是固定的，在这种劳动花费水平下可以得到劳动力的无限供应 The point for locating an industry that minimizes costs of transportation and labor requires analysis of three factors: ? Material Index ? Labor ? Agglomeration and deglomeration （一）原材料 在生产过程不可分割、消费地和局地原料地只有一个的前提下，依据最小运费 原理的区位为： ? 仅使用遍在原料时，为消费地区位； ? 仅使用纯原料时，为自由区位； ? 仅使用损重原料时，为原料地区位。 Material Index计算公式 ? The ratio of the weight of localized materials used in the manufacture of a product to the weight of the finished product ? 区位质量 原材料指数+1 用原料指数以及区位质量得出的一般区位法则 ? 原料指数（Mi） 1（或区位质量 2）时，工厂区位在原料地； ? 原料指数（Mi） 1（或区位质量 2）时，工厂区位在消费地； ? 原料指数（Mi） 1（或区位质量 2）时，工厂区位在原料地、消费地都可（自由区位）。 韦伯三角形 ? Other concerns Spatial division of labor Quality of life Institutional supports Economies of scale scope Agglomeration localization ? Site situation （二）劳动力 The labor distortion: sources of lower cost labor may justify greater transport distances and become the primary determinant in production. ? UNSKILLED LABOR –industries such as the garment industry require cheap unskilled laborers to complete activities that are not mechanized. They are often termed ubiquitous meaning they can be found everywhere. ? SKILLED LABOR - High tech firms, such as those located in Silicon Valley, require exceptionally skilled professionals. （三）集聚和反集聚/分散 ? Agglomeration is the phenomenon of spatial clustering, or a concentration of firms in a relatively small area. The clustering and linkages allow individual firms to enjoy both internal and external economies. Auxilia