Bloomfield的语言学理论.pptVIP

Bloomfield’s Theory In the study of language, description, or descriptive linguistics, is the work of objectively analyzing and describing how language is spoken or how it was spoken in the past by a group of people in a speech community. All scholarly research in linguistic is descriptive; like all other sciences, its aim is to observe the linguistic world as it is, without the bias of preconceived ideas about how it ought to be. Modern descriptive linguistics is based on a structural approach to language. Descriptivism is the belief that description is more significant or important to teach, study, and practice than prescription. The principal representative of American descriptive linguistics is L. Bloomfield 1887-1949 .. He is such a landmark figure in the history of American linguistics that the period between 1933 and 1950 is known as Bloomfield Era, in which American descriptive linguistics formally came into being and reached its prime development. Bloomfield’s Language once held as the model of scientific methodology and the greatest work in linguistics on both sides of the Atlantic in the twentieth century. For Bloomfield, linguistics is a branch of psychology, and specifically of the positivistic brand of psychology known as BEHAVIOURISM. Behaviorism, is a principle of scientific method, based on the belief that human beings cannot know anything they have not experienced. Stimulus --- Response --- Reinforcement When the behaviorist methodology entered linguistics via Bloomfield’s writings, the popular practice in linguistic studies was to accept what a native speaker says in his language and to discard what he says about it. Bloomfield’s Principle When one individual is stimulated, his speech can make other individual react accordingly. 一个人受到某种刺激时，他可以用他的言语让另一个人做出相应的反应。 The division of labor and all human activities based on the division of labor are dependent on language. 劳动分工以及基于劳动分工之上的一切人类活动都依赖于语言。 The distance between the speaker and hearer,