计算机模拟实验辩析.pptVIP

计算机模拟实验 目的要求 近年来计算机模拟化学实验软件的发展十分迅速。 对一些危险性高或费用高或耗时长的实验，在计算机上“做实验”是一种十分理想的教学方法。 在化学的远程教育中，若学生受条件所限不能亲自到实验室中做实验，在计算机上“做实验”，是一种可行的解决办法。 本实验将使用Model Science Software公司的交互式化学实验模拟软件ChemLab来进行酸碱滴定实验。 通过本实验，要求能用ChemLab软件来进行实验的操作，同时掌握酸碱滴定的有关原理及应用，此外，由于该软件是英文版的，所以，要求能正确理解有关的英文。 Acid-Base Titration Water dissociates (self-ionizes) into H+ (hydrogen ion) and OH- (hydroxide ion) ions naturally to a very small extent: H2O ? H+ + OH- In a neutral solution the concentration of [H+] and [OH-] are equal at 1.0 x 10-7 M. An acidic solution is one in which the concentration of [H+] [OH-], and in an basic solution the [H+] [OH-]. pH is a measure of the concentration of [H+]and is defined as: pH = -log[ H+] In a neutral solution pH = 7. A pH 7 indicates an acidic solution and pH 7 signifies a basic solution. In this experiment we will explore the use of titration, adding small quantities of a base to an acid and recording the rise of pH. We can plot the pH against the amount of base added producing a titration curve. The steepest point on the curve occurs at the equivalence point, when the acid is exactly neutralized. Because the titration curve is so steep near equivalence only a small amount of base can result in a large change in pH. This point is the end point of our reaction and can be signified by the color change of an indicator. An indicator, in an acid base reaction, is a substance whose color changes over a particular pH range. Phenolphthalein is an example of an indictor which changes from colorless to pink as pH goes from 8 to 10. In this lab we will be using a strong acid and a strong base to perform our acid base titration. Strong acids and bases can be assumed to dissociate in water completely. We will be adding NaOH, a strong base, to HCl, a strong acid. The NaOH will neutralize the HCl in a reaction that produces sodium chloride (salt) and water: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O Since the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen ions to hydroxide ion is 1:1 in this reaction