Lesson11TypeandConstructionofMarinePumps程序.doc

Lesson 11 Type and Construction of Marine Pumps 第11课 船用泵的类型和结构 1. A pump is a machine used to raise liquids from a low point to a high point. Alternatively it may simply provide the liquid with an increase in energy enabling it to flow or build up a pressure. The pumping action can be achieved in various ways according to the type of pump employed. The arrangement of pipe work, the liquid to be pumped and its purpose will result in certain system requirements or characteristics that must be met by the pump. 泵是用来把液体从低处提升到高处的机械。或者可以简单地说, 泵是给液体提供能量从而使液体能够流动或者建立一定的压力。泵液体的过程依照所用泵的型号不同, 可以通过不同的途径来实现。管路布置、需要泵送的液体, 以及其目的将产生特定的系统需要或特性, 这些都要由泵来满足。 2. The pumps, which are used on board ship, can be divided into two main groups: displacement pumps and centrifugal pumps. They can be broken down into three classes: (1) reciprocating, (2) rotary, and (3) centrifugal. Under reciprocating are the direct acting, power, and crank-fly wheel types. Under rotary are the gear, vane, screw and piston types. Under centrifugal are the volute, diffuser, mixed-flow, axial flow and turbine or regenerative types 2.船用泵可分成两大类型:容积泵和离心泵。它们还可细分成3种:(1)往复泵，(2)回转泵，(3)离心泵。往复泵又分为直接作用式、动力驱动式、曲轴飞轮驱动式等;回转泵可分为齿轮式、叶片式、螺杆柱塞式等。离心泵可分为蜗壳式、导轮式、混流式、轴流式、旋涡式及再生式。 displacement pumping容积泵 3. The displacement pumping action is achieved by the reduction or increase in volume of a space causing the liquid (or gas) to be physically moved. The method employed is either a piston in a cylinder using a reciprocating motion, or a rotating unit using vanes, gears or screws 容积泵的泵作用是通过增加或减少液体被实际移动的腔室容积。所采用的方式或者是套筒内做往复运动的柱塞或者是使用叶片、齿轮或螺杆的旋转装置。 4. A reciprocating displacement pump is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 11-1, to demonstrate the operating principle. The pump is double-acting, that is, liquid is admitted to either side of the piston where it is alternately drawn in and discharged. As the piston moves upwards, suction takes place below the piston and liquid is drawn in, the valve arrangement ensuring that the discharge valve