4 大量元素 钾.pptVIP

Release and fixation of K+ and NH4+ ions by soil clay Section 2 Molecular and physiological aspects of potassium uptake in plants K is the most abundant cellular cation, with cytoplasmic concentrations regulated between 80 and 200 mM, and total tissue concentrations of approximately 20 mM. The transport of K+, which is mobile in plant, has been studied intensively for the last 50 years. K+转运进入植物和在植物中运输的模式图 2. 1 Early Physiological and biochemical studies indicated the existence of multiple K+ transporters Excited roots (Hoaglant and Broyer， 1936） Epstein was first to treat radioisotopes to quantify ion efflux. Epstein was first to treat mineral ion transporters as enzyme kinetics to studies of concentration-dependent root K+ uptake. Dual isotherm of K absorption High-affinity K+ transport was thought to dominate at low concentration of K+ in soil, whereas as higher K+ concentrations, a low-affinity K+ transporter operated that was less specific for K+ over other alkali cations. 硫基修饰的N –乙基马来亚铵（NEM）:抑制髙亲和力转运蛋白但不影响低亲和力转运蛋白。 Physiological studies provided further evidence for separate high and low-affinity K+ transporters The application of a K+ -channel blocker TEA (四乙铵) inhibited the linear, low-affinity transport component. High-affinity K+ uptake system exhibited several properties: Increasing gene expression or transport activity induced by K+ starvation; A very high affinity for K+ (Km=5 to 30 μM ) ; A strong selectivity for K+ and Rb+ over other alkali cations. Low-affinity K+ uptake system: Less selective for K+ and Rb+; Less influenced by changes in the K+ status of the plant. 2.2 Mechanistic basis for High- and low-affinity K+ uptake system 利用电生理技术， 将玉米低盐根置于低钾（2～20μM）溶液中将引起膜电位的强烈的去极化。而在更髙的浓度（0.5mM）时，去极化减弱。 植物中存在两种类型的K+通道： 内流型通道（inward rectify K进）和外流型通道（outward rectify K出） 内流型通道（K进）在Em（－50～－150 mV）超极化时打开促使吸收K+。而外流型通道（K出）在Em去极化时打开并将K+运出细胞。 研究表明低亲和性钾吸收的1个主要成分是