13 Potential.pptVIP

* * * * 1. Features of Electrostatic Force: Coulomb’s Law for electrostatic force: Newton’s Law for gravitational force Mathematically identical! The electrostatic force is a conservative force. 19-4. Electric Potential P502- The work done on a moving charge around any closed loop in an electrostatic field is zero. The line integral of the electrostatic field around any closed loop is always zero. Circulation theorem a b An electric potential energy U can be introduced: 2. Electric Potential Energy P515 : To ensure U at a point, a reference potential energy should be chosen: then Electric potential: 3. Electric Potential P502 : Electric Potential Difference DV : The electric potential is relative and dependent on the choice of reference potential, but the electric potential difference is absolute. 4. Calculations of Electric Potential P505- : a Potential Due to a Point Charge P507 : P q q 0?V 0; q 0 ? V 0. b Potential Due to a Group of Point Charges: Principle of Superposition Q c Potential Due to a Continuous Charge Distribution: Divide it into infinitesimal charges dq p Take integral over all contributions 先分:电荷元dq视为点电荷 后合:电势迭加原理 先分后合, 标量积分 dq A thin ring of radius R with q uniformly distributing its circumference. What is the V at point P, a distance z from the ring along its central axis? Solution: z V Example 21-8 P510 : A thin flat disk of radius R with Q uniformly distributing. What is the V at point P, a distance z from the ring along its central axis Example 21-9 P510 : Divide the disk into thin rings of radius r and thickness dr Calculating potential V for the uniformly charged spherical shell with charge Q and radius R . U r 0 R O R The distribution of V is continuous. The spherical region is equipotential 等势 . Example: as if all the charge were concentrated at the center. Inside: Outside: Think of the uniformly charged sphere Out： On： In： 电场分区分布，电势分段积分