木霉菌生物防治辣椒疫病的研究进展.docVIP

木霉菌生物防治辣椒疫病的研究进展 　　摘要 辣椒疫病可造成辣椒减产甚至绝收，已成为当前辣椒生产中的毁灭性病害。木霉菌生物防治能从根本上控制辣椒疫病发生，且不会引起环境污染，具有很大的发展潜力。为此，从辣椒疫病的发生条件、发生症状，农业措施、化学药剂和选育抗病品种对辣椒疫病防治性能现状、木霉菌对辣椒疫病的生物防治进行了总结整理、论述。最后指出今后该领域的研究发展方向，即辣椒疫病的发生条件和循环规律，筛选拮抗与促生相结合的优良木霉菌株，拮抗木霉菌株的生物改良，从生化、代谢和基因分子等水平上研究拮抗木霉菌对辣椒疫病的生防机制，以及辣椒土壤环境对木霉菌的影响。 　　关键词 辣椒疫病；木霉菌；生物防治 　　中图分类号 S436.418 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2015）19-0127-03 　　Abstract Pepper is dropped in production even no yield due to Phytophthora capsici of pepper which has become the destructive disease on the current.Biocontrol with Trichoderma could fundamentally control Phytophthora capsici of pepper，and did not cause environmental pollution.So，there was great development potential about Trichoderma.The progress on the occurrence condition and symptoms of Phytophthora capsici of pepper was reviewed，the prevention which were agricultural measure，chemicals and resistant breeding of pepper，and biocontrol to Phytophthora capsici of pepper with Trichoderma were reviewed.Then the research direction in this field was pointed out，including occurrence conditions and cycle rules to Phytophthora capsici of pepper，screening fine Trichoderma strains with the combination properties of antagonism and promotion，biological improvements of antagonistic Trichoderma strains，researching bio-control mechanism about antagonistic Trichoderma to Phytophthora capsici of pepper from the biochemical，metabolic and genetic molecular level，and effects on soil environment to Trichoderma. 　　Key words Phytophthora capsici of pepper；Trichoderma；bio-control 　　辣椒疫病是一种土传病害，其病原菌可以在土壤中休眠长期存活，病原菌侵染源丰富，如条件（温度、水分等）适宜，辣椒疫病则大面积暴发，从而给辣椒生产带来巨大损失。目前对疫病的研究主要集中在农业措施、化学防治及遗传育种方面，未从根本上解决辣椒疫病的防治难题。经过不断研究发现，接种辣椒疫霉拮抗生防菌可以控制该病的流行，是一条具有良好前景的防治途径。据报道，细菌、真菌和放线菌在辣椒疫病生物防治中均有应用。其中细菌主要有芽孢杆菌（Bacillus）[1-2]、假单胞菌（Psedomonas）[3]等；真菌主要有木霉菌（Trichoderma harzianum）[4]、曲霉菌（Aleffusus tiraboschi）[5]、青霉菌（Penicillimu）[6]等；放线菌主要有链霉菌（Streptomyc-es）[7]等。但木霉菌在自然界分布广泛，是土壤微生物重要组成部分，生长速度快、能迅速占领营养空间，在生物防治领域占有着重要地位，已成为国际外最有学术和应用价值的功能微生物之一[8-9]。木霉菌作为一种资源