(word)道路勘测设计.docVIP

道路勘测设计论文 摘要： 关键词：纵断面 平面 横断面设计 道路国家高速公路网是中国公路网中最高层次的公路通道，服务于国家政治稳定、经济发展、社会进步和国防现代化，体现国家强国富民、安全稳定、科学发展，建立综合运输体系以及加快公路交通现代化的要求；主要连接大中城市，包括国家和区域性经济中心、交通枢纽、重要对外口岸；承担区域间、省际间以及大中城市间的快速客货运输，提供高效、便捷、安全、舒适、可持续的服务，为应对自然灾害等突发性事件提供快速交通保障。道路的分级与技术标准Third, road classification and technical standards In order to meet the economic development, planning, road traffic construction and function requirement, highway must hierarchical construction. Zhong road as main highways or distributed road or feeder roads, By various highway service level and has traffic capacity of decision, the highway engineering technical standards according to the functions and adapt to the highway traffic will be divided into five level: highway, first class roads, secondary roads, triple highway, quaternary highway. 1. Highway grade selection principle The selection of highway grade should be based on the highway function, : road network planning, traffic, and fully consider project region in the comprehensive transportation system, the forward development, has been proven determined after. Determine a highway level, should first make sure that the road is the function of main highways or distributed highway, namely belong to direct or connection, and whether need to control access etc, and then based on the forecasting traffic initially drafted highway level. Then topography, traffic composition to determine whether the design speed and roadbed width. 二、平面设计 一、路线 为了了解汽车行驶轨迹特性与道路平面线形要素，直线的特点和运用、最大长度和最小长度；圆曲线的特点、半径大小及其长度；缓和曲线的性质、形式及最小长度和参数；平面线形设计原则和线形要素组合类型；直线的特点优点两点之间距离最短 具有短捷、直达的印象行驶受力简单，方向明确，驾驶操作简易测设简单方便（用简单的就可以精确量距、放样等）在直线上设构造物更具经济性。缺点直线单一无变化，与地形及线形自身难以协调过长的直线在交通量不大且景观缺乏变化时，易使驾驶人员感到单调、疲倦在直线纵坡路段，易错误估计车间距离、行车速度及上坡坡度易对长直线估计得过短或产生急躁情绪，超速行驶直线的运用直线的运用应注意同地形、环境的协调与配合。采用直线线形时，其长度不宜过长。但在下述路段上可采用直线： (1)农田、河渠规整的平坦地区、城镇近郊规划等以直线条为主体时，宜采用直线线型。 (2)特长、长隧道或结构特殊的桥梁等构造物所处的路段，以及路线交叉点前后的路段宜采用直线线形。 (3)双车道公路为超车所提供的路段宜采用直线线形。直线的最大长度和最小长度当地形条件及其它特殊情况限制而采用长直线时，为弥补长直线路段景观单调缺陷，应结合沿线具体情况采取相应的技术措施。从理论上求解直线的最大长度是非常困难的，主要应根据驾驶员的视觉反应及