英语动词分类讲解及练习(有答案).docVIP

动词概述 表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。可以分为以下四类： 类别 例句 使用特点 动词 及物动词 Love, make 后跟宾语 不及物动词 Go, rise 后不跟宾语 连系动词 Be, look 后跟表语 助动词 Be, have, do, shall, will, did 本身没有词义，后跟动词原形或分词，构成疑问句或否定句等 情态动词 Can, may, mist 本身有词义，后跟动词原形，构成谓语 ■①及物动词与不及物动词 根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词 They study hard. I know them well. 注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如： She sings very well. She sang an English song just now. 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，不变。试比较： Shall I begin at once? She began working as a librarian after she left school. When did they leave Chicago?They left last week. ■②动态动词和静态动词 动态动词表示动作，如give, take, work, run等；静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等，如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, suppose，imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。 ■延续性动词和非延续性动词 根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词，go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。 注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如： [译]他离开这里三天了。 [误]He has left here for three days. [正]He has been away from here for three days. [正]He left here three days ago. [正]It’s three days since he left. ■限定动词与非限定动词 限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，，没有人称和数的变化 The room needs cleaning. 二、连系动词 ?系动词亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词，接的是形容词。 Be He is a teacher.（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）I am fine. 2keep, rest, remain, stay,例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. He seems to be very sad. 4、feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. 5、become, grow, turn, fall（asleep）, get, go, come, run. He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time. 6、终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意， The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. （turn out表终止性结果） 7．使役动词：let,have,make 使，让… Let /make somebody do sth The teacher lets/makes them clean the cla