英汉语言对比2英汉语言主要差异综述.pptVIP

英汉语言对比-2 英汉语言主要差异综述 I. Objectives: Students are expected to have some knowledge of the general differences between Chinese and English; II. Key Points: a language family b alphabetic writing vs. ideographical writing c synthetic vs. analytic d different ways of thinking III. Teaching Approaches: Lecture, class practice and discussions I. 英汉语言历史比较 七大语系（seven language families） 汉藏语系 Sino-Tibetan family 印欧语系 Indo-European family 乌拉尔语系 Uralic[,ju?r?lik] family 阿尔泰语系 Altaic[?lteiik] family 阿非罗-亚细亚语系 Afro-Asiatic[?fr?u] [,ei?i?tik] family（亚非语系） 旧称闪-含语系Hamito-Semitic[h?mit?us?mitik] family 伊比利亚－高加索语系 Ibero - Caucasus [k?:k?s?s] family 达罗毗荼语系 Dravidian [dr?‘vidi?n] family （德拉维达语系、南印语系） 1. The studies of the English Language 印欧语系（Indo-European family）； a history of more than 1500 years; three periods: Old English, Middle English, and Modern English. 拼音文字（alphabetic writing），即用符号或者字母来表示语音的文字。 英语是欧洲语言中变化最大，词汇成分最复杂，词汇量最丰富的一种语言。 印欧语言文字是模拟语音的语言 language as transcription of sound 。语音变了，文字也就变了。中古英语中thou[ea?]是你的主格，thee[ei?]是宾格，而现代英语中两者都变成了you，那两个词就不用了。在汉语中“你” 和“尔”都还可用， “汝“也还能让大家明白。 Indo-European languages are mostly languages as transcription of sounds, which means a change in sound necessarily leads to change in writing. “Thou” is ancient subject use of “you”, and “thee” object. As what they referred to both turn into “you” in modern English, they are abandoned. But in Chinese, 你” and “尔” are usable and “汝” is understandable too. 2. The studies of the Chinese Language 汉藏语系（Sino-Tibetan family）； A history of more than 6000 years; 表意文字（ideographical writing），用代表一定意义的符号构成的文字，如最早的汉字、古埃及圣书文字以及古巴比伦楔（xie）形文字等。现代汉语词汇多是双音词（two-syllable words）。 汉语是表意的语言 （language as representation of meaning）。所谓表意的语言是指其文字直接表达某种意义，而不是模拟某种语音。比如，“去”这个字在中国方言中的读音有（qu, ke ,qie, qi）等等，而表示的意思只有 “go” 这么一个。 Chinese is a language as representation of meaning, that is, its characters are direct reflection of meaning instead of imitation of sounds. For instance “去” can be read as（qu, ke ,qie, qi）i