如何辨别英语短语动词中的介词和副词.docVIP

如何辨别英语短语动词中的介词和副词 英语短语动词系指动词和介词或副词的习惯结合，其功能相当一个动词。表面看上去完全相同的短语动词，因介词或副词的词类不同，其语义差别很大。如： ①They talked over the problem to see if they could solve it. 他们认真讨论了这个问题，看是否解决。 over副词 ②They talked over the counter when William visited Peters shop． 威廉来到彼得店里后，他们隔着柜台说话。 over介词 因此，正确识别短语动词中的介词或副词的词类，对我们掌握短语动词正确理解和翻译语言帮助很大。如何识别呢?方法如下： 1 根据不变词的位置是否可以移动来识别。通常，短语动词中的副词位置可移动，可置于名词宾语的前边或后边，代词宾语 特别是人称代词 的后边： ①They called up all young men． ②They called au young men up． ③They called them up． 他们征所有年轻人入伍。 up 副词 而介词只能置于宾语的前边： ①She called on her friends． 他拜访了朋友。 ②She called on them． ③Her friends on whom she called were not at home． 同样，He kept on his overcoat because it was so cold．He kept his overcoat：on because-t was so cold． 因天气很冷，他一直穿着大衣。 因为“kept his overcoat on中的0II可移放在动词宾语overcoat后面，所以是副词。而，He kept on the pavement because of heavy traffic． 因车辆很多，他一直在便道上站着。 句中on不能移到pavement之后，on 是介词。 2 从语音上区别。短语动词中的介词通常不重读 多音节介词有时例外。 而副词则往往重读。若该副词处于句尾，甚至成为核心重读词。 ①He called on the man． The man was called on． 他去看那个人。 on不重读，是介词 ②He called up the man． The man was called up. He called the man up. 他叫醒那个人。 up重读，是副词 ③Keep off the grass． 勿踏草坪 off非重读，介词 ④Draw the curtain to keep off the sun． 拉上窗帘，别让太阳晒。 off重读，副词 3 根据做状语的副词的位置来区别。一个含有短语动词的句子，其状语副词若出现在动词与不变词之间，则可判定该不变词为介词，而不是副词。闪为做状语的副词可插在动词与介词之间，不可插在动词与副词之间。 1 They called early on their friends． 他们很早便来拜访他们的朋友。 on介词 ②The girl stepped hurriedly up the staircase． 这姑娘匆忙地拾级而上。 up介词 但，不会出现这样的句子： He hastily put on his coat．／He put on his coat hastily． 他急忙穿上外衣。 有时由“动词+介词”构成的短语动词，状语副词不可插人动词与介词之间，这种情况多为不可分割的习语。如： He evidently takes after his father． 显然，他长得像他的父亲。 不能说，He takes evidently after his father． 4 通过强调手段来识别。 The man went down the cliff． 这人顺山崖而下。 为收到强调效果，可将down the tiff置于主语之前： Down the tiff he went． down介词 但，短语动词中的副词一般不可置于主语之前以强调： He passed out．他昏倒了。 Out he passed． 误 He took off his hat.他摘下帽子。 Off his hat he took． 误 The boiler blew up．锅炉爆炸了。 Up the boiler blew． 误 Up blew the boiler． 短语动词的介词或副词若重迭使用，则可前置以强调。无疑，该词为副词。如： He went on and on about his