文体翻译1讲义.docVIP

第一讲 文体 Style: The characteristic use of language in a text. When referring to the speaker, style is more or less the controlled choice of linguistic means, whereas in referring to texts, style is the specific form of language. For the reader or listener, style is the variation or confirmation of possible expectations, i.e. the observation and interpretation of linguistic specifics. style is based on individual linguistic elements; style is a feature of texts style is contingent upon historical, functional, and individual components. Stylistic Features: the characteristic property of the language of a text. The stylistic feature is based on the repetition of mixing of elements of style and, therefore, on the particulars of the grammatical form, e.g. nominal vs verbal, on the vocabulary e.g. modern, vulgar, graphic , or on the structure of the text e.g. argumentative, visual, boring . Other derived styles like telegraphic style, editorial style, or oral style are based on the correspondingly typical element of style of particular classes of text. P459, Hudumond, Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics 狭义上的文体指文学文体，包括文学语言的艺术性特性（即有别于普通或使用语言的特征）、作品的语言特色或表现风格、作者的语言习惯以及特定创作流派或文学发展阶段的语言风格等。 广义上的文体指一种语言中的各种语言变体，如：因不同的社会实践活动而形成的新闻语体、法律语体、宗教语体、广告语体、科技语体。 申丹《叙述学与小说文体学研究》 Such preparations shall be made as will completely obscure all Federal buildings and non-Federal buildings occupied by the Federal Government during an air raid for any period of time from visibility by reason of internal or external illumination. Such obscuration may be obtained either by blackout construction or by termination of the illumination. This will, of course, require that in building areas in which production must continue during the blackout, construction must be provided that internal illumination may continue. Other areas, whether or not occupied by personnel, may be obscured by terminating the illumination. Tell them that in buildings where they have to keep the work going, put some