metabolicandendocrinedisordersinpetanimals.ppt

Metabolic and endocrine disorders in pet animals N.K. Rakha1, V. K. Jain2 and Rajesh Khurana1 1Teaching Veterinary Clinical Service Complex; 2Veterinary Clinical Medicine CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar ? Metabolic and endocrine disorders Rickets Osteomalacia Osteoporosis Hypo-phosphataemia Hyper-phosphataemia Diabetes mellitus Diabetes insipidus Nutritional secondary hyper-parathyroidism Renal secondary hyper-parathyroidism 1. Rickets Vitamin D is required for orderly growth mineralization of epiphysis (growth plate). Young animals fed deficient diets or housed indoors without exposure to UV radiation develop rickets. Pathogenesis There may be a decrease in serum Ca P levels due to impaired intestinal absorption. Mineralization of cartilaginous matrix fails to occur and physis become irregularly thickened. P deficiency also will result in rickets because of the failure to maintain an adequate ion product of serum Ca and P at the zones of mineralization in bone. P deficiency will not results in hypocalcaemia serum levels will be normal or increased. Clinical findings Long bones of the legs get bent. There is beading over ribs and long bones In severe cases there is lameness associated with enlargement of the ends of fast growing bones and deformities of the weight bearing long bones. Clinical diagnosis Lameness and enlargement of the joints is more commonly due to chronic polyarthritis and in young large dogs due to hypertrophic osteodystrophy. Radiograph of rachitic bones show wide growth plates and demineralization.? Treatment Administration of Vitamin D, Ca P leads to re-establishment of normal calcification in osteoid on bone surfaces and physes. 2. Osteomalacia It literally means, “softening of bones”. Characterized by defective mineralization of osteoid (bone matrix) in mature bone due to deficiency of Vit D or P. Much less inhibition of bone matrix formation compared to impairment of matrix mineralization. Adeq