which和as的用法归纳及比较.doc

which和as的用法归纳及比较 一、which引导名词从句的用法比较 　　which作为连接代词，可以引导名词从句， 在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语等语法成分。that在引导名词从句时，只起连接主句和从句的作用，其本身没有任何含义，不翻译。例如： 　　（1）Which is better depends on these two clothes’ quality. 　　（2）That Tony can’t swim is unbelievable. 　　（3）I don’t know which I should choose，because the red andthe yellow are both beautiful. 　　（4）I think that you can do it better. 　　从例句中我们可以看到，which和that都可以引导主语从句和宾语从句，但是在（1）句和（3）句中which在从句中分别作了主语和宾语成分，而在（2）句和（4）句中that在从句中不作任何成分，只起到连接主句和从句的作用。 　　二、which引导定语从句的用法比较 　　which作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，在从句中可以代替物作主语和宾语等语法成分。例如： 　　（5）This is the book which/that I bought last week. 　　（6）The clothes，which are over there，seem to have a goodquality. 　　从（5）句和（6）句中我们可以看到which可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，并分别在句中作宾语和主语成分。一般情况下，that和which在引导定语从句中代替物时可以互用，但以下情况一般要用which：非限制性定语从句中关系代词一般要用which； 关系代词前如有介词、关系代词须用which，如把介词移至动词后，可用that（或省略）；如果先行词是that，关系代词应用which；如先行词和定语从句之间被其它较长的成分分隔，常用which；在“those+复数形式的名词”结构中，其后的关系代词多用which；一个句子中如有两个定语从句，第一个定语从句用了关系代词that，第二个从句中的关系代词宜用which。但在平行结构中，应重复同一个关系代词。例如： 　　（7）She was awarded a gold medal，which the whole familyconsidered a great honor.（which引导非限制定语从句） 　　（8）There’s only one issue about which they disagree.（which前有介词about） 　　（9）This is the pen （that） she was looking for.（介词移至动词后） 　　（10）I have that which you gave me.（先行词是that） 　　（11）Larry told her the story of the young airmanwhich I narrated at the beginning of this book.（先行词和关系代词相隔） 　　（12）A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sellbest.（those+复数形式的名词） 　　（13）This is the book that you bought which you have lost.（两个定语从句中） 　　（14）I have a house which is located on the hills，which facesthe south.（平行结构中） 　　三、as引导定语从句的用法比较 　　1.as作为关系代词可以引导限制性定语从句， 主要用于such...as，the same...as，so...as，as...as等结构中。例如： 　　（15）Let’s deal with such problems as concern us. 　　（16）The purpose of the conductor is to transmit the electrical energy with as little loss as is practicable. 　　（17）There are so many tickets available as are asked for. 　　（18）She wears the same w