土木专业英语.docVIP

1、对某些荷载来说，结构的地理位置起重要作用The geographical location of the structure plays an important role for certain loads. 2. 风荷载既不是静荷载也不是均匀变化得荷载，并且除了受周围结构和地形影响外还受结构几何形状的严重影响At the same time wind loads are neither static nor uniformly varying, and are heavily influenced by the geometry of the structures as well as the surrounding structures and the landscape. 3. 风荷载和雪荷载可根据模型试验来确定。Wind loads and snow loads can be determined on the basis of model tests. 4. 特殊荷载及荷载效应包括温度变化、结构地基沉降、冲击和暴炸的影响Special loads and load effects include the influence of temperature variations, structural foundation settlements, impact, and blast. 5. 至少在理论上，结构上的恒载被认为是保持不变的 In theory, at least, the dead load on a structure is supposed to remain constant. 1、通常认为单向拉伸确定的屈服应力Fy 对单向压缩也正确。The yield stress Fy determined for uniaxial tension is usually accepted as being valid for uniaxial compression. 2．显著影响疲劳强度的因素有荷载循环次数、荷载循环中的应力幅以及局部集中应力的大小Factors which significantly influence the resistance to fatigue failure include the number of load cycle, and the magnitudes of local stress concentrations. 3. 疲劳设计除考虑容许应力外还应考虑节点的布置。Designing against fatigue involves a consideration of joint arrangement as well as permissible stress. 4.结构钢不总是表现出延性特性，在有些情况下，即使名义拉应力恨低突然的、灾难性的断裂也会发生。 Structural steel does not always exhibit a ductile behaviour, and under some circumstances sudden and catastrophic fracture may occur even though the nominal tensile stresses are low. 5.结构钢 的延性取决于钢材的组成、热处理方法和钢材的厚度，并且随温度和应变率的变化而变化。 The ductility of a structural depends on its composition, heat treatment and thickness, and varies with temperature and strain rate. 1.预应力混凝土实心板适宜于非常短跨径的桥梁Prestressed-concrete solid slabs are most economical when on very short spans. 2. 这座桥是由一些空心板组成的结构This bridge is a structure which is made up of hollow slabs. 3.作用在纵梁上的剪力如此之大，以至于需要设置剪力钢筋 The shear forces imposed on the stringers are so large that shear reinforcement is required. 4. 与实心板桥相比，空心板桥上部结构的恒载 一般要小些Compared with solid slab bridges, the loads on the sup