Lesson5HeatTransferinEngines.docVIP

Lesson 5 Heat Transfer in Engines Words and Expressions heat transfer 传热学,热传导 intermittent adj. 间歇的, 断断续续的 more or less adv. 或多或少,程度不同 heat flux 热通量,热流量 megawatt n.兆瓦特 spatially adv. 空间地 charge 充电,充气,进料 convective heat transfer coefficient 对流传热系数, 对流换热系数 in itself 本身，实质上，在本质上 turbulence 紊流，湍流 propagation n.扩散,传播 of the order of… 约为,大约 direct injection diesel 直接喷射式柴油机 indirect injection diesel 间接喷射式柴油机 deliberately adv. 故意地 channel vt. 引导, 开导,开路 convective heat transfer 对流传热,对流热交换 energy cell 预燃室, 辅助燃烧室 radiant heat transfer 辐射热传递,辐射传热 deflagration n.爆燃过程 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 homogeneous adj. 同类的, 相似的, 均一的, 均匀的 emissivity n.发射率,比辐射率 radiant flux 辐射通量 convection n.传送, 对流 assessment n.评价,估定,估价 quote vt. 引用, 引证, 提供, 提出, 报 价 substantiate vt. 证明,使...具体化 nonuniformity n. 不一致, 不均匀 nonequilibrium adj. 非平衡的, 非均衡的 nonetheless adv. 虽然如此, 但是 premixed flame 预混火焰 premixed combustion 预混燃烧 open combustion chamber 开式燃烧室 grey body 灰体 so far adv. 至今,至此，迄今为止 soot n. 黑烟,积碳 form factor 构成因数, 形状因数,波形因数 as yet adv. 到目前为止,至今 accumulate vt.累积,聚集,积累 tentative adj.试验性的, 试探的, 尝试的, 暂定的 References: 1. The processes inside the combustion chamber of an intermittent type engine are very complex, involving rapidly varying gas pressure and temperature and local fluid velocities which may also vary more or less rapidly. Heat flux into the walls varies throughout the engine cycle from a small negative value to a positive value reaching up to several megawatts per square metre, and also varies spatially due to differences in local gas temperatures and velocity and doubtless also due to differences in orientation of the wall to the radiating flames. 2. In the spark ignition engine expansion of the charge produces a clearly defined difference between the rate of flame movement and the speed of propagation relative to the unburnt gas. 3.As radiation diminishes much more rapidly than convective as temperature falls during expansion, the overall effect could be of