论同声传译中预测的重要性.docVIP

论同声传译中预测的重要性 　　摘 要 据Daniel GILE的认知负荷模型，为减轻记忆的负担，期待在同声传译（SI）是至关重要的。本文旨在分析同声传译中期待的重要性，可能性和预期的一些基本方法。 　　关键词 期待 同声传译 　　中图分类号：H315.9 文献标识码：A 　　According to Daniel Gile， simultaneous interpretation （SI） can be modeled as a process consisting of the three Efforts described above， namely the listening and Analysis Effort L， the short term memory Effort M， and the Speech Production Effort P， plus a Coordination Effort C， namely， SI= L+P+M+C. （Daniel Gile 1995， 169）. In terms of the formula， we can see that we have to find a balance of our total effort between the basic four factors. Lis tening and analysis（L），speech production（P） and short-term memory（M） are the most important efforts that interpreters make during the SI process. But we have to note that when these conditions are not balanced well by the interpreters， such as in the case that they allocate too much effort on listening to interpret and memorize， as a result， capacity for the other two efforts， short-term memory and production， will inevitably decrease. If the decrease reaches a certain degree that the capacity of either of the two efforts fails to meet its due requirement， the interpreters may probably make errors or faults. This is because they use the three efforts improperly but not because of the shortage of processing capacity. That is to say if we can do some anticipation， no matter linguistic or extra-linguistic anticipation， we can save a lot effort for listening or memory effort， leaving sufficient effort to production effort， so that to have a better performance for interpretation. 　　Since the importance of anticipation is often underscored by interpreters， there are many researches about the basic skills of anticipation. Anticipation in SI can be chiefly drawn on linguistic and extra-linguistic clues for information from the speaker’s utterance. This paper will in detail discuss three basic principle of anticipation， namely， basic sentence structure and word meaning anticipation， conferenc