蒙特卡洛方法技术总结.pptVIP

* The shift equation for Tc is a consequence of the finite-size scaling. * We used a cluster algorithm for the calculation. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * T is not fixed and is usually zero unless X’ is in a “neighborhood” of X. Show that detailed balance equation is satisfied. Peskun has a theorem which says, in some sense, Metropolis rate min(1, …) is most efficient. P Peskun, Biometrika, 60 (1973) 607. * In 1925, physicist W. Lenz asked his student E. Ising to solve a statistical mechanics problem relevant to the magnetic properties of matter. Ising was able to solve it on a one-dimensional lattice. Almost twenty years were passed before L. Onsager found analytic solution to the two-dimensional version of the problem. The three-dimensional Ising model which is most relevant in the physical world has denied any serious attempt. Thus, any information we have is from approximations and numerical simulations. Ising model and its generalizations are extremely important in our understanding of the properties of matter, especially the phenomena of phase transitions. Ising model is still actively used in various ways to model systems in condensed matter physics. * For finite system it does make a difference between M with absolute value and without. * Susceptibility above is for zero field, B=0. 4th order cumulant can be used to determine Tc, by the crossing of curves from different systems. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * α, β, γ, and ν are known as critical exponents. To derive the results, we need to use the thermodynamic relation between free energy and other quantities. They are related by derivatives. 有限尺寸标度与相变 如何找临界点? 如何算临界指数指数? 为此, 我们考虑有限体系的标度理论. 基本出发点: 设有限系统的线度为L, 则关联长度最多为L, ? L; 发散的物理量不再发散, 而是宽度为?T 的峰. 有限尺寸标度与相变 TTC 时的序参量分布 序参量的有限尺寸效应 有限尺寸标度与相变 磁化率的有限尺寸效应 T? TC 时的序参量分布 TTC 时的序参量分布 考虑磁化率: 在临界点附近有一个峰, 最高处的温度定义为有限系统的临界温度Tc(L), 峰宽为 ?T. 当 L ! 1 时, Tc(L)! Tc(1), ?T! 0 假定: 磁化率的极大值: 磁化在Tc(L)