Mba,mpampacc联考英语语态.doc

Mba,mpa,mpacc联考英语语态【mba加油站】 语态是表示主语和谓语之间关系的一种动词形式。英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 　　一、主动语态和被动语态 　　语态是表示主语和谓语之间关系的一种动词形式。英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 　　Peter speaks English. (主动语态) English is spoken by Peter. (被动语态) 二、被动语态的构成 　　1. be+过去分词 　　被动语态中动词的基本结构为be+过去分词动作的执行者由by+名词或人称代词宾格表示。助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化。英语被动语态的各种时态形式，以动词teach 为例，列表如下: 2. get+过去分词 　　get+过去分词也是一种被动结构， get 常与marry， beat, break, damage, tear，strike，hurt, paint, dress, repair 等动词连用， get 总是能被be 替换。get+过去分词主要用法如下: 　　(1)表示经过一番努力终于达到令人满意的目的，含有最后终于的意思，带有较强的感情色彩。 　　At last he got invited before the party started. 　　They had known each other for years; in the end they got married. 　　He got elected after all the efforts he made. 　　(2) 表示某种未曾料到的，通常是不如意的偶发事件或事故。 　　They got trapped in the fire and were killed. 　　He got hurt in the leg when he fell down from the tree. 　　Her dress got torn on a nail. 三、被动语态的用法 　　在英语中，被动语态的使用是非常广泛的，主要用于以下几种情况： 　　1.不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者，不带由by 构成的介词短语 　　The book was written in 1896. 　　Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 　　All her clothing was stolen. 　　English is spoken all over the world. 　　2. 强调动作的承受者，通常带由by构成的介词短语 　　The electric light was invented by Edison. 　　This mistake is committed by everyone. 　　3. 避兔改变主语，使句子更加简练、顺畅 　　When he arrived home he was arrested by a detective. 　　When their mother was ill the children were looked after by neighbors. 　　He respects others and is respected. 四、主动语态变成被动语态 　　并非所有动词都可以由主动语态变为被动语态，只有及物动词能够变为被动语态，不及物动词和系动词不能变成被动语态。 　　1.带双宾语的动词的被动语态 　　给予动词give， ask, allow, teach, tell, bring 等后面可以接双宾语，变成被动语态时，可将主动结构中的一个宾语变成被动语态中的主语，另一个宾语保持不变。如果把直接宾语变成主语，间接宾语前要加to 或for。 　　They gave him a chance.→He was given a chance.→Achance was given (to) him. 　　He bought her a shirt. →She was bought a shirt. →Ashirt was bought for her. 　　【注意]如果间接宾语前有定语修饰或需强调间接宾语时， to 或for 不可以省略。 　　The gift was given to his brother. 　　The gift was given to him, not to you.