牛津现在完成时语法大全.doc

现在完成时的重点和难点 一、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对现在产生的影响。如：　　He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)　　2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如：　　Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)　　3. 两种时态的区分　　(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是助动词have /has +过去分词。如：The film started at 7 o’clock.? ???He has been a teacher for many years.　　(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：而现在完成时常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？① Have you seen the film?(A)??Did you see the film?(B)　　[说明] 你看过这部电影吗？(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。　② How has he done it?(A)? ? 　How did he do it?(B)[说明]他是怎么做的这件事？(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；(B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)? ?? ?　He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)[说明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了。 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 　 It is the first time that I have visited the city. 　 It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. 　 This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 　　　 这是我看过的最好的电影。 　 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.　这是我第一次听他唱歌。 典型例题 (1) ---Do you know our town at all?　　 ---No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was　 B. have been　 C. came　 D. am coming 　 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。 (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?　 ---No, its the first time I ___ here. A. even, come　 B. even, have come　　C. ever, come　 D. ever, have come 　 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。 　 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 5 比较since和for 　　Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。 　　I have lived here for more than twenty years. 　　I have lived here since I