生物信息学资源与方法重点.ppt

2014.6 Objects Studied Genomics Genomic sequencing and mapping. Genome annotation (key issue is gene finding). Comparisons of multiple genomes. Transcriptomics Study of transcribed sequences, both of full-length cDNAs and ESTs (key issue is clustering of redundant sequences to coalesce all sequences that belongs to the same gene). Analysis of gene expression data (key issue is to find genes that are either up- or down-regulated under specific circumstances). Proteomics Analysis of protein sequences (key issue is discovering functional motifs that are conserved across evolution, and using these motifs to functionally classify novel sequences). Study of protein abundance (2D gels mass spectrometry) . Determination of protein structures experimentally computationally. Interactomics Analysis of protein-protein interactions and molecular pathways (yeast two-hybrid experiments; domain-domain interaction information; promoter analysis based on the fact that the coregulated genes usually produce gene products that lie within the same pathway). Protein interaction maps can be used to establish potential pathways, which are essential for the understanding of gene functions. The function of a gene can often be predicted more reliably by its functional context than its sequences (guilty-by-association). Genetics Discovery of new molecular genetic markers, such as SNPs. Dissection of genetic basis of disease and other phenotypes. Computational molecular evolution phylogenetics using DNA to study the evolution of organisms (such as population structure, geographic variation and systematics/phylogenies). using different organisms to study the evolution of DNA. Key Challenge of Bioinformatics To bridge the considerable gap between technical data production and its use by scientists for biological discovery. 生物信息学课程的主要内容 生物信息数据库（包括类型、结构、应用等） 序列比对理论与方法（包括应用程序） 系统发育分析（包括理论模型、方法、软件等） 基于核酸序列的预测方法：包括序列处理、数据库相似性比对搜索、密码子偏好检测、核酸序列中功能位点分析（如启动子分析、内含子剪切位点分析、翻译起始位点分析、终止信号分析、基因语法分析、